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state_exec: read submitted scripts inside the process, a slice per step - #653

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Stacked on #649 (stackless parser + parser settings), which is stacked on #644. The base is feat/state-exec-parse-settings; the diff here is only the scheduler-side reading.

What

#649 made the parser stackless and resumable: its whole state is an input position plus a heap stack of open frames, and parser::read(out, budget) stops after budget tokens. This PR uses that to parse a submitted script inside the process's own scheduler steps, the same way the evaluator already runs a slice per step.

It is controlled by a new state-tree setting, resolved like parser.max_depth:

Key Meaning Default
parser.step_tokens 0: parse the whole script at submit (today's behaviour; execute() throws a parse_error). N: the process reads N tokens per step before evaluation starts 0

The keys are state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.step_tokens, then state_exec.defaults.parser.step_tokens. The sync scheduler resolves it in load_settings() and publishes the effective value. The async scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on every submit.

With N > 0:

  • Submit: execute() returns at once, and the process starts in a reading phase.
  • Reading: each step reads N more tokens. The step that reaches the end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing at submit would have.
  • Budgets: reading steps are process steps. They count against max_steps/max_time and interleave with other processes, so a huge script spends its own budget instead of stalling the scheduler before the process exists.
  • Errors: a syntax error surfaces where a runtime error would. The async scheduler kills the process, with the parse error as its exit error; the sync scheduler throws it from step()/run().
  • Signals and watch events wait until the script is read, because their handlers run on the evaluation stack. Before this guard, a handler registered at submit could have corrupted a process that was still reading.
  • Snapshots (state_value_codec): a process captured mid-read stores its source and parser settings, and re-reads the script after a restore.

How

  • parse_options::step_tokens, plus script_reader. The reader owns its source and drives parser::read() a budget at a time; it can't be copied or moved, because the parser views its string.
  • evaluator_state::reading (a shared_ptr<script_reader>). stackless_evaluator::create_state(script, env, popts) with step_tokens > 0 creates a reading state. step() runs step_read() until the script is read, then swaps in the program state and keeps the step count. The async evaluator delegates, so both schedulers get this.
  • Both schedulers skip signal and watch delivery while proc.state.reading is set.

Tests

  • state_exec_parser_test:
    • script_reader read in 2-token slices gives the same forms as parse_all;
    • a syntax error is reported when the reader reaches it.
  • state_exec_stackless_evaluator_test:
    • sliced reading evaluates like parsing up front, and its extra steps are exactly the reading slices;
    • a syntax error is thrown from step()/run(), not from create_state();
    • an empty script finishes with nil.
  • state_exec_codec_test: a state snapshotted mid-read restores and evaluates.
  • state_exec_integration_test SchedulerSettingsTest:
    • resolution, including 0 being a real value;
    • the sync scheduler evaluating, and throwing from run();
    • reading steps counting against max_steps (killed at 5 steps with 103 tokens to read);
    • signals waiting until the read finishes;
    • the async scheduler killing on a syntax error and evaluating a sliced script.

Local, Windows MSVC 14.38 Release, cvcpkg prefix:

Suite Result
parser 40/40
stackless_evaluator 54/54
codec 60/60
integration 97/97
async 73/73
scheduler 108/108
grammar 4/4
corpus 1/1
unicode 23/23
evaluator 39/39
ariadne_runtime 122/122

clang-format 18 is clean, and check_test_targets.py is OK.

Defaults (97c2a92)

  • The app's exec scheduler (app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents) defaults to step_tokens = 1024. async_scheduler::set_parser_defaults() holds a scheduler's built-in values, and its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys still override them.

  • Why 1024:

    • every script the repo carries reads in one slice: the largest is 159 tokens, and .ari scripts are at most 24. So a normal action pays one extra step of its 5000;
    • a slice costs about 80 µs, at the parser's measured ~80 ns per token. So a pathologically large script is spread over steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.
  • pycvc matches (9ed8702). async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults() is the one definition, and it carries the reasoning for 1024. Both app::exec_scheduler() and pycvc's Exec (on its private scheduler, which already watches the app tree) use it. So a program reads the same way from Python as from Ariadne, and the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both. Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError carrying the parse error's message: from the exit error when the script is read in steps, or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

  • Unchanged: a bare async_scheduler and the sync scheduler default to 0, so they still report syntax errors at submit.

  • pycvc exposes the surface, under the C++ names (753abb1), in pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

    • pycvc.parse_options: the real struct (max_depth, step_tokens, C++ defaults);
    • pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared on its own because the scheduler class isn't wrapped yet;
    • pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id, base): the app stands in for the root, per pycvc's convention;
    • Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults().

    test_pycvc_exec.py checks each against the C++ behaviour, and the pycvc README has a state_exec section.

  • Ariadne now says why a process died:

    • a killed action's warning carries its exit error (ari: on: action program did not complete: unclosed parenthesis);
    • the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident once (ari: resident [<channel>] stopped: …). That covers a syntax error in its body, a runtime error, or its per-step cap. Before this, a killed resident vanished silently.

Added tests:

  • AsyncSchedulerParserDefaultsSitUnderTheTree and AppExecSchedulerReadsScriptsInSteps (integration);
  • AriadneResident.ResidentWithASyntaxErrorIsReported.

After this commit, local results:

Suite Result
ariadne_runtime 123/123
ariadne_loader 178/178
ariadne_bind 19/19
async 73/73
integration 99/99
stream 33/33
parser 40/40
scheduler 108/108
codec 60/60
stackless_evaluator 54/54

pycvc, built locally with SWIG 4.4.1 and Python 3.11 from the cvcpkg prefix: test_pycvc_exec.py, test_pycvc_exec_async.py, test_pycvc_exec_coro.py and test_pycvc_ari.py give 26 passed, with 6 of those tests new. pycvc_gl: PR CI doesn't build pycvc; only publish-cvcpkg.yml does, on version tags or a manual dispatch. So I built cvcGL, pycvc and pycvc_gl locally on #661, which contains this branch, with the VTK-Python bridge off. All 12 pycvc_gl scripts pass, some with GL-dependent checks skipped. Details are in #661.

Not run locally: the cvcGL tests (no cvcGL in this build). Their Ariadne media tests only assert that valid programs produce no warnings.

… P0)

Declare the state_exec s-expression grammar in docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
(W3C EBNF, Unicode source rules, literal tables, and a table of every
intentional change from the hand-written parser, tagged by phase P2-P4).
The parser itself is unchanged; later phases build it from this grammar.

state_exec_grammar_test tags each case with the phase it holds from:
landed cases must hold, pending cases must still differ, the doc's EBNF
must be closed, and every production needs a case. state_exec_corpus_test
pins how the 597 DSL scripts the repo carries parse today
(state_exec_corpus/, regenerated with gen_state_exec_corpus.py and
CVC_UPDATE_GOLDENS=1).

Also correct parser.h (no quasiquote) and the developer guide (false and
#f read as nil, bytes literals exist).
Spec only: parse_options::max_depth on parse()/parse_all()/parser and execute_options::max_parse_depth for submitted scripts, both from P2. Records why the limit exists (the reader recurses on the native stack; the evaluators are stackless) and the corpus's real depths (max 13, median 2).
Spec only. max_depth resolves from state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256, matching scheduler::load_settings(); parse_options remains for callers without a tree. Drops the execute_options::max_parse_depth idea so the tree is the single source.
…grammar P1b)

The parser now stops at parser.max_depth nested lists and quotes (default
256) with a parse_error, instead of recursing until the native stack
overflows. Like the scheduler's other settings, the limit lives on the
state tree: state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then
state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256; a missing, malformed or
zero value is skipped.

- parser: parse_options (max_depth) on parse()/parse_all()/parser, a
  depth guard on lists and quotes, and parse_options_from_state().
- scheduler: load_settings() resolves parser.* and publishes the
  effective value under state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth;
  execute() parses with it.
- async_scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on
  every submit; Ariadne predicates read it from the app tree.
- stackless evaluators: create_state(script, env, parse_options).

The grammar test moves from a numeric kLandedPhase to named phases; the
257-deep case is P1b and holds now. Tests cover the default, a custom
depth, quotes, 100000 open parens, the error position, tree resolution,
bad values, and both schedulers.
…e read)

Lists and quotes were parsed by native recursion, so input depth was
bounded by the thread's stack. The parser now keeps open lists and quotes
on a heap stack of frames and reads in a loop: native stack depth is
constant however deeply the input nests (a test reads a million open
parens and reports the unclosed list instead of crashing).

The loop is a resumable read(out, budget): it reads up to `budget` tokens
and returns datum / end / more, carrying open frames between calls, so a
scheduler can parse a script a slice at a time. parse() and parse_all()
call it with no budget.

Output is unchanged, quirks included (a stray top-level `)` still reads
as a symbol until P2): the conformance cases, the 597-script corpus and
the evaluator suites all pass. parser.max_depth stays on the state tree;
it now bounds parsed data for the code that still walks values
recursively (list destruction, the snapshot codec, to_string) rather
than the parser's own stack. parse_fib20_expr: about 3.4 us vs 3.1 us
for the recursive parser (median of 6, MSVC Release, loaded machine).
The stackless parser's state is an input position plus a heap stack of
open frames, so it can pause anywhere. New setting parser.step_tokens
(on the state tree, resolved like parser.max_depth; default 0) lets a
scheduler parse a submitted script inside the new process instead of at
submit: each scheduler step reads N tokens, and the step that reaches the
end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing up front would have.

- Reading steps are process steps: they count against max_steps and
  max_time and interleave with other processes.
- A syntax error surfaces like a runtime error: the async scheduler kills
  the process with it as the exit error; the sync scheduler throws it
  from step()/run(). With step_tokens = 0, execute() still throws.
- Signals and watch events wait until the script is read (their
  handlers run on the evaluation stack, which doesn't exist yet).
- The snapshot codec stores a mid-read process's source and settings and
  re-reads it after a restore.

Adds parse_options::step_tokens, script_reader (owns its source and
drives parser::read() a budget at a time) and evaluator_state::reading;
stackless_evaluator::step() reads until the script is read. Tests cover
the reader, the evaluator, the codec and both schedulers (results,
syntax errors, max_steps, deferred signals).
…ens)

app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents, now
defaults parser.step_tokens to 1024, so it parses submitted scripts
inside their processes. async_scheduler gains set_parser_defaults(): the
built-in values under its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys.
A plain async_scheduler (pycvc's Exec) and the sync scheduler stay at 0,
so they still report syntax errors at submit.

Why 1024: every script the repo carries reads in one slice (the largest
is 159 tokens, .ari scripts at most 24), so a normal action pays one
extra step of its 5000; a slice costs about 80 us at the parser's
measured ~80 ns/token, so a pathologically large script is spread over
steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.

Ariadne now says why a process died: a killed action's warning carries
its exit error, and the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident (a
syntax error in its body, a runtime error, its per-step cap) once,
instead of letting it vanish silently.
…uler

pycvc's Exec runs programs on a private async_scheduler that already
watches the app's state tree, but its built-in parser defaults were
plain parse_options{} while app::exec_scheduler() read scripts in
1024-token steps. Both now take async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults(),
one definition (with the reasoning for 1024) for every libcvc host, and
the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both.

Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError with the parse error's message:
from the killed process's exit error when the script is read in steps,
or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

Tests: test_pycvc_exec.py checks the parse error's message and that
max_depth / step_tokens on the app tree configure Exec; the integration
test pins the app scheduler to host_parser_defaults().
pycvc's state_exec surface was only Exec; the parser settings these PRs
add had no Python counterpart, so the defaults weren't even observable.
In pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

- pycvc.parse_options: the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options struct
  (max_depth, step_tokens), C++ defaults included.
- pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared
  to SWIG on its own (async_scheduler isn't wrapped yet, so no
  constructor).
- pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id="", base=...): the C++
  resolver, taking the app where C++ takes the root (pycvc's convention).
- Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults(): the same calls as
  the async_scheduler Exec wraps.

test_pycvc_exec.py covers each against the C++ behaviour; the README
gains a state_exec section. Built locally (SWIG 4.4.1, Python 3.11):
exec, exec_async, exec_coro and ari tests, 26 passed.
Wrap the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options_from_state(state&, id, base)
instead of a pycvc adapter that took the app: Python passes the tree root,
pycvc.State.instance(app), exactly as C++ passes cvc::state&. This is the
first decision of the pycvc/C++ parity approach (C++ cvc::state& parameters
take a pycvc.State in Python).
# Conflicts:
#	docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
#	src/cvc/tests/CMakeLists.txt
#	src/cvc/tests/state_exec_grammar_test.cpp
@transfix
transfix changed the base branch from feat/state-exec-parse-settings to master October 18, 2026 00:00
@transfix
transfix changed the base branch from master to feat/state-exec-parse-settings October 18, 2026 00:01
# Conflicts:
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/scheduler.cpp
…into HEAD

# Conflicts:
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/scheduler.cpp
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…xec-data-steps

#653's branch merged master (bc20f8e), which brings #657 as 3003734. That
is the content this branch already carried as the cherry-pick 4d3bc6b, so
in every file where #658 builds on #657 (types.h/.cpp, intrinsics.cpp,
stackless_evaluator.cpp, state_exec_bench_test.cpp) #653's side was
byte-identical to 4d3bc6b, and #658's version stands. In
src/cvc/tests/CMakeLists.txt, master's new test targets join #658's
state_exec_data_steps_test lines.
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…c-data-steps

#653's branch picked up #660 (stdlib modules in every environment, with a
per-call allocation limit). Conflicts:

- scheduler.cpp load_settings(): data.step_nodes and
  limits.max_alloc_bytes, both resolved and both published.
- types.cpp: the release backlog and the allocation guard, side by side.
- builtins.cpp str-concat: #658's sliced path for list/dict arguments,
  then #660's checked fast path.

The sliced path built its string in a concat job without #660's check,
so passing the same big string many times next to one list would get
past the limit. The concat job now checks every append against
eval_alloc_check (the guard is armed around each scheduler step, data
steps included), naming the builtin (str-concat, print):
make_concat_job() takes it. New DataJob.ConcatChecksTheAllocationLimit.
@transfix
transfix changed the base branch from feat/state-exec-parse-settings to master October 18, 2026 00:33
# Conflicts:
#	inc/cvc/state/state_exec/parser.h
#	inc/cvc/state/state_exec/stackless_evaluator.h
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/async_scheduler.cpp
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/parser.cpp
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/scheduler.cpp
#	src/cvc/state/state_exec/stackless_evaluator.cpp
#	src/cvc/tests/state_exec_integration_test.cpp
#	src/cvc/tests/state_exec_parser_test.cpp
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…final #660)

#665 carried an older cherry-pick of #660 (811c954). For the files #665
changes, the merge applies what #660 changed after that copy (three-way,
with 811c954 as the base). Every other file is #658's. The diff against
#658 is #665's own 17 files.
@transfix
transfix merged commit 1d07677 into master Oct 18, 2026
15 checks passed
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
#653 landed on master as 1d07677. Its files there match the #653 head
this branch had already merged (6e0cf06, in f137f37), so every conflict
keeps this branch's side. src/cvc/tests/ariadne_runtime_test.cpp takes
master's include comment. The diff against master is now this PR's own
27 files.
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…codec) (#661)

* state_exec: grammar spec, conformance cases and parse corpus (grammar P0)

Declare the state_exec s-expression grammar in docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
(W3C EBNF, Unicode source rules, literal tables, and a table of every
intentional change from the hand-written parser, tagged by phase P2-P4).
The parser itself is unchanged; later phases build it from this grammar.

state_exec_grammar_test tags each case with the phase it holds from:
landed cases must hold, pending cases must still differ, the doc's EBNF
must be closed, and every production needs a case. state_exec_corpus_test
pins how the 597 DSL scripts the repo carries parse today
(state_exec_corpus/, regenerated with gen_state_exec_corpus.py and
CVC_UPDATE_GOLDENS=1).

Also correct parser.h (no quasiquote) and the developer guide (false and
#f read as nil, bytes literals exist).

* state_exec grammar: make the nesting limit configurable (default 256)

Spec only: parse_options::max_depth on parse()/parse_all()/parser and execute_options::max_parse_depth for submitted scripts, both from P2. Records why the limit exists (the reader recurses on the native stack; the evaluators are stackless) and the corpus's real depths (max 13, median 2).

* state_exec grammar: parser settings live on the state tree

Spec only. max_depth resolves from state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256, matching scheduler::load_settings(); parse_options remains for callers without a tree. Drops the execute_options::max_parse_depth idea so the tree is the single source.

* state_exec: parser settings on the state tree, with a nesting limit (grammar P1b)

The parser now stops at parser.max_depth nested lists and quotes (default
256) with a parse_error, instead of recursing until the native stack
overflows. Like the scheduler's other settings, the limit lives on the
state tree: state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then
state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256; a missing, malformed or
zero value is skipped.

- parser: parse_options (max_depth) on parse()/parse_all()/parser, a
  depth guard on lists and quotes, and parse_options_from_state().
- scheduler: load_settings() resolves parser.* and publishes the
  effective value under state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth;
  execute() parses with it.
- async_scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on
  every submit; Ariadne predicates read it from the app tree.
- stackless evaluators: create_state(script, env, parse_options).

The grammar test moves from a numeric kLandedPhase to named phases; the
257-deep case is P1b and holds now. Tests cover the default, a custom
depth, quotes, 100000 open parens, the error position, tree resolution,
bad values, and both schedulers.

* state_exec: make the parser stackless (explicit frame stack, resumable read)

Lists and quotes were parsed by native recursion, so input depth was
bounded by the thread's stack. The parser now keeps open lists and quotes
on a heap stack of frames and reads in a loop: native stack depth is
constant however deeply the input nests (a test reads a million open
parens and reports the unclosed list instead of crashing).

The loop is a resumable read(out, budget): it reads up to `budget` tokens
and returns datum / end / more, carrying open frames between calls, so a
scheduler can parse a script a slice at a time. parse() and parse_all()
call it with no budget.

Output is unchanged, quirks included (a stray top-level `)` still reads
as a symbol until P2): the conformance cases, the 597-script corpus and
the evaluator suites all pass. parser.max_depth stays on the state tree;
it now bounds parsed data for the code that still walks values
recursively (list destruction, the snapshot codec, to_string) rather
than the parser's own stack. parse_fib20_expr: about 3.4 us vs 3.1 us
for the recursive parser (median of 6, MSVC Release, loaded machine).

* state_exec: read submitted scripts inside the process, a slice per step

The stackless parser's state is an input position plus a heap stack of
open frames, so it can pause anywhere. New setting parser.step_tokens
(on the state tree, resolved like parser.max_depth; default 0) lets a
scheduler parse a submitted script inside the new process instead of at
submit: each scheduler step reads N tokens, and the step that reaches the
end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing up front would have.

- Reading steps are process steps: they count against max_steps and
  max_time and interleave with other processes.
- A syntax error surfaces like a runtime error: the async scheduler kills
  the process with it as the exit error; the sync scheduler throws it
  from step()/run(). With step_tokens = 0, execute() still throws.
- Signals and watch events wait until the script is read (their
  handlers run on the evaluation stack, which doesn't exist yet).
- The snapshot codec stores a mid-read process's source and settings and
  re-reads it after a restore.

Adds parse_options::step_tokens, script_reader (owns its source and
drives parser::read() a budget at a time) and evaluator_state::reading;
stackless_evaluator::step() reads until the script is read. Tests cover
the reader, the evaluator, the codec and both schedulers (results,
syntax errors, max_steps, deferred signals).

* state_exec: the app's exec scheduler reads scripts in steps (1024 tokens)

app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents, now
defaults parser.step_tokens to 1024, so it parses submitted scripts
inside their processes. async_scheduler gains set_parser_defaults(): the
built-in values under its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys.
A plain async_scheduler (pycvc's Exec) and the sync scheduler stay at 0,
so they still report syntax errors at submit.

Why 1024: every script the repo carries reads in one slice (the largest
is 159 tokens, .ari scripts at most 24), so a normal action pays one
extra step of its 5000; a slice costs about 80 us at the parser's
measured ~80 ns/token, so a pathologically large script is spread over
steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.

Ariadne now says why a process died: a killed action's warning carries
its exit error, and the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident (a
syntax error in its body, a runtime error, its per-step cap) once,
instead of letting it vanish silently.

* pycvc: give Exec the same state_exec defaults as the app's exec scheduler

pycvc's Exec runs programs on a private async_scheduler that already
watches the app's state tree, but its built-in parser defaults were
plain parse_options{} while app::exec_scheduler() read scripts in
1024-token steps. Both now take async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults(),
one definition (with the reasoning for 1024) for every libcvc host, and
the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both.

Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError with the parse error's message:
from the killed process's exit error when the script is read in steps,
or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

Tests: test_pycvc_exec.py checks the parse error's message and that
max_depth / step_tokens on the app tree configure Exec; the integration
test pins the app scheduler to host_parser_defaults().

* pycvc: expose the state_exec parser-settings surface under its C++ names

pycvc's state_exec surface was only Exec; the parser settings these PRs
add had no Python counterpart, so the defaults weren't even observable.
In pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

- pycvc.parse_options: the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options struct
  (max_depth, step_tokens), C++ defaults included.
- pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared
  to SWIG on its own (async_scheduler isn't wrapped yet, so no
  constructor).
- pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id="", base=...): the C++
  resolver, taking the app where C++ takes the root (pycvc's convention).
- Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults(): the same calls as
  the async_scheduler Exec wraps.

test_pycvc_exec.py covers each against the C++ behaviour; the README
gains a state_exec section. Built locally (SWIG 4.4.1, Python 3.11):
exec, exec_async, exec_coro and ari tests, 26 passed.

* pycvc: parse_options_from_state takes the State root, as in C++

Wrap the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options_from_state(state&, id, base)
instead of a pycvc adapter that took the app: Python passes the tree root,
pycvc.State.instance(app), exactly as C++ passes cvc::state&. This is the
first decision of the pycvc/C++ parity approach (C++ cvc::state& parameters
take a pycvc.State in Python).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 1 (values, parsing, parse_error, value codec)

Start bringing pycvc's state_exec API to the C++ surface under the C++
names (docs/PYCVC_STATE_EXEC_PARITY.md: the audit of all 20 state_exec
headers, the agreed approach, and the PR plan).

- One strict value_t <-> Python conversion (pycvc_value.h), used by every
  API and by Exec: native types for data, pycvc.symbol (the real struct)
  for symbols, and pycvc.value (the real value_t, opaque) for closures,
  native fns, data objects and generators, which convert back unchanged.
  Non-str dict keys and unsupported types raise TypeError, ints beyond 64
  bits OverflowError, and nesting past 1000 levels or a cycle ValueError.
  This replaces the lossy converter (symbols became str, closures
  "<closure>", anything else str(obj)), which could also put a null item
  in a list on invalid UTF-8 and leave an OverflowError pending.
- pycvc.parse / parse_all, pycvc.parse_error (a RuntimeError with .line
  and .col), pycvc.script_reader, to_string, values_equal, and the value
  codec encode_value / decode_value on a State node.
- Exec.run raises pycvc.parse_error for a syntax error whether the script
  was parsed at submit or read inside the process (it re-parses a killed
  process's script to recover the position).
- The pycvc README's Status/Design sections described a v0 facade; they
  now describe the direct-wrap design.

test_pycvc_state_exec.py (13 tests) covers each against the C++
behaviour. Locally: those plus pycvc's exec, async, coro, ari, state and
core suites pass (87), except test_volume_rawiv_roundtrip, which fails
the same way on the unmodified build (a Windows temp-file lock).

* Rerun CI on master (the merge push ran while the PR still targeted #653's branch)
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…671)

* state_exec: grammar spec, conformance cases and parse corpus (grammar P0)

Declare the state_exec s-expression grammar in docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
(W3C EBNF, Unicode source rules, literal tables, and a table of every
intentional change from the hand-written parser, tagged by phase P2-P4).
The parser itself is unchanged; later phases build it from this grammar.

state_exec_grammar_test tags each case with the phase it holds from:
landed cases must hold, pending cases must still differ, the doc's EBNF
must be closed, and every production needs a case. state_exec_corpus_test
pins how the 597 DSL scripts the repo carries parse today
(state_exec_corpus/, regenerated with gen_state_exec_corpus.py and
CVC_UPDATE_GOLDENS=1).

Also correct parser.h (no quasiquote) and the developer guide (false and
#f read as nil, bytes literals exist).

* state_exec grammar: make the nesting limit configurable (default 256)

Spec only: parse_options::max_depth on parse()/parse_all()/parser and execute_options::max_parse_depth for submitted scripts, both from P2. Records why the limit exists (the reader recurses on the native stack; the evaluators are stackless) and the corpus's real depths (max 13, median 2).

* state_exec grammar: parser settings live on the state tree

Spec only. max_depth resolves from state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256, matching scheduler::load_settings(); parse_options remains for callers without a tree. Drops the execute_options::max_parse_depth idea so the tree is the single source.

* state_exec: parser settings on the state tree, with a nesting limit (grammar P1b)

The parser now stops at parser.max_depth nested lists and quotes (default
256) with a parse_error, instead of recursing until the native stack
overflows. Like the scheduler's other settings, the limit lives on the
state tree: state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then
state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256; a missing, malformed or
zero value is skipped.

- parser: parse_options (max_depth) on parse()/parse_all()/parser, a
  depth guard on lists and quotes, and parse_options_from_state().
- scheduler: load_settings() resolves parser.* and publishes the
  effective value under state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth;
  execute() parses with it.
- async_scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on
  every submit; Ariadne predicates read it from the app tree.
- stackless evaluators: create_state(script, env, parse_options).

The grammar test moves from a numeric kLandedPhase to named phases; the
257-deep case is P1b and holds now. Tests cover the default, a custom
depth, quotes, 100000 open parens, the error position, tree resolution,
bad values, and both schedulers.

* state_exec: make the parser stackless (explicit frame stack, resumable read)

Lists and quotes were parsed by native recursion, so input depth was
bounded by the thread's stack. The parser now keeps open lists and quotes
on a heap stack of frames and reads in a loop: native stack depth is
constant however deeply the input nests (a test reads a million open
parens and reports the unclosed list instead of crashing).

The loop is a resumable read(out, budget): it reads up to `budget` tokens
and returns datum / end / more, carrying open frames between calls, so a
scheduler can parse a script a slice at a time. parse() and parse_all()
call it with no budget.

Output is unchanged, quirks included (a stray top-level `)` still reads
as a symbol until P2): the conformance cases, the 597-script corpus and
the evaluator suites all pass. parser.max_depth stays on the state tree;
it now bounds parsed data for the code that still walks values
recursively (list destruction, the snapshot codec, to_string) rather
than the parser's own stack. parse_fib20_expr: about 3.4 us vs 3.1 us
for the recursive parser (median of 6, MSVC Release, loaded machine).

* state_exec: read submitted scripts inside the process, a slice per step

The stackless parser's state is an input position plus a heap stack of
open frames, so it can pause anywhere. New setting parser.step_tokens
(on the state tree, resolved like parser.max_depth; default 0) lets a
scheduler parse a submitted script inside the new process instead of at
submit: each scheduler step reads N tokens, and the step that reaches the
end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing up front would have.

- Reading steps are process steps: they count against max_steps and
  max_time and interleave with other processes.
- A syntax error surfaces like a runtime error: the async scheduler kills
  the process with it as the exit error; the sync scheduler throws it
  from step()/run(). With step_tokens = 0, execute() still throws.
- Signals and watch events wait until the script is read (their
  handlers run on the evaluation stack, which doesn't exist yet).
- The snapshot codec stores a mid-read process's source and settings and
  re-reads it after a restore.

Adds parse_options::step_tokens, script_reader (owns its source and
drives parser::read() a budget at a time) and evaluator_state::reading;
stackless_evaluator::step() reads until the script is read. Tests cover
the reader, the evaluator, the codec and both schedulers (results,
syntax errors, max_steps, deferred signals).

* state_exec: the app's exec scheduler reads scripts in steps (1024 tokens)

app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents, now
defaults parser.step_tokens to 1024, so it parses submitted scripts
inside their processes. async_scheduler gains set_parser_defaults(): the
built-in values under its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys.
A plain async_scheduler (pycvc's Exec) and the sync scheduler stay at 0,
so they still report syntax errors at submit.

Why 1024: every script the repo carries reads in one slice (the largest
is 159 tokens, .ari scripts at most 24), so a normal action pays one
extra step of its 5000; a slice costs about 80 us at the parser's
measured ~80 ns/token, so a pathologically large script is spread over
steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.

Ariadne now says why a process died: a killed action's warning carries
its exit error, and the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident (a
syntax error in its body, a runtime error, its per-step cap) once,
instead of letting it vanish silently.

* pycvc: give Exec the same state_exec defaults as the app's exec scheduler

pycvc's Exec runs programs on a private async_scheduler that already
watches the app's state tree, but its built-in parser defaults were
plain parse_options{} while app::exec_scheduler() read scripts in
1024-token steps. Both now take async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults(),
one definition (with the reasoning for 1024) for every libcvc host, and
the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both.

Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError with the parse error's message:
from the killed process's exit error when the script is read in steps,
or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

Tests: test_pycvc_exec.py checks the parse error's message and that
max_depth / step_tokens on the app tree configure Exec; the integration
test pins the app scheduler to host_parser_defaults().

* pycvc: expose the state_exec parser-settings surface under its C++ names

pycvc's state_exec surface was only Exec; the parser settings these PRs
add had no Python counterpart, so the defaults weren't even observable.
In pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

- pycvc.parse_options: the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options struct
  (max_depth, step_tokens), C++ defaults included.
- pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared
  to SWIG on its own (async_scheduler isn't wrapped yet, so no
  constructor).
- pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id="", base=...): the C++
  resolver, taking the app where C++ takes the root (pycvc's convention).
- Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults(): the same calls as
  the async_scheduler Exec wraps.

test_pycvc_exec.py covers each against the C++ behaviour; the README
gains a state_exec section. Built locally (SWIG 4.4.1, Python 3.11):
exec, exec_async, exec_coro and ari tests, 26 passed.

* pycvc: parse_options_from_state takes the State root, as in C++

Wrap the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options_from_state(state&, id, base)
instead of a pycvc adapter that took the app: Python passes the tree root,
pycvc.State.instance(app), exactly as C++ passes cvc::state&. This is the
first decision of the pycvc/C++ parity approach (C++ cvc::state& parameters
take a pycvc.State in Python).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 1 (values, parsing, parse_error, value codec)

Start bringing pycvc's state_exec API to the C++ surface under the C++
names (docs/PYCVC_STATE_EXEC_PARITY.md: the audit of all 20 state_exec
headers, the agreed approach, and the PR plan).

- One strict value_t <-> Python conversion (pycvc_value.h), used by every
  API and by Exec: native types for data, pycvc.symbol (the real struct)
  for symbols, and pycvc.value (the real value_t, opaque) for closures,
  native fns, data objects and generators, which convert back unchanged.
  Non-str dict keys and unsupported types raise TypeError, ints beyond 64
  bits OverflowError, and nesting past 1000 levels or a cycle ValueError.
  This replaces the lossy converter (symbols became str, closures
  "<closure>", anything else str(obj)), which could also put a null item
  in a list on invalid UTF-8 and leave an OverflowError pending.
- pycvc.parse / parse_all, pycvc.parse_error (a RuntimeError with .line
  and .col), pycvc.script_reader, to_string, values_equal, and the value
  codec encode_value / decode_value on a State node.
- Exec.run raises pycvc.parse_error for a syntax error whether the script
  was parsed at submit or read inside the process (it re-parses a killed
  process's script to recover the position).
- The pycvc README's Status/Design sections described a v0 facade; they
  now describe the direct-wrap design.

test_pycvc_state_exec.py (13 tests) covers each against the C++
behaviour. Locally: those plus pycvc's exec, async, coro, ari, state and
core suites pass (87), except test_volume_rawiv_roundtrip, which fails
the same way on the unmodified build (a Windows temp-file lock).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 2 (environments, builtins, schedulers)

Wrap the scheduler surface of cvc::state_exec under the C++ names:

- environment (shared, as environment_ptr) and builtins:
  make_default_environment, and register_fn taking a Python callable
  or a pycvc.value holding a native fn.
- execute_options (on_complete is a Python callable, signal_handlers a
  dict), process_info, scheduler_stats, percent_encode/percent_decode.
- process_status and scheduling_policy as enum.IntEnum classes; an enum
  argument must be a member, so to_string(process_status) and
  to_string(value_t) keep their shared name.
- scheduler and async_scheduler as real classes with their
  non-coroutine members. run/step and sync_run/sync_step release the
  GIL; Python callbacks retake it.
- Exec.scheduler() returns Exec's async_scheduler, which keeps the Exec
  alive.

Empty optionals are None, except for values: get_result,
pop_pending_message and environment.lookup raise KeyError, since None
is nil. The value_t typecheck now runs last, so execute(str) picks the
script overload.

test_pycvc_state_exec_sched.py repeats the C++ scheduler tests on both
classes. The parity doc and README are updated.

* Rerun CI on master (the merge push ran while the PR still targeted #653's branch)

* pycvc: environment.frozen (#660), and the set_existing note now that its comment is fixed
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…nsics) (#675)

* state_exec: grammar spec, conformance cases and parse corpus (grammar P0)

Declare the state_exec s-expression grammar in docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
(W3C EBNF, Unicode source rules, literal tables, and a table of every
intentional change from the hand-written parser, tagged by phase P2-P4).
The parser itself is unchanged; later phases build it from this grammar.

state_exec_grammar_test tags each case with the phase it holds from:
landed cases must hold, pending cases must still differ, the doc's EBNF
must be closed, and every production needs a case. state_exec_corpus_test
pins how the 597 DSL scripts the repo carries parse today
(state_exec_corpus/, regenerated with gen_state_exec_corpus.py and
CVC_UPDATE_GOLDENS=1).

Also correct parser.h (no quasiquote) and the developer guide (false and
#f read as nil, bytes literals exist).

* state_exec grammar: make the nesting limit configurable (default 256)

Spec only: parse_options::max_depth on parse()/parse_all()/parser and execute_options::max_parse_depth for submitted scripts, both from P2. Records why the limit exists (the reader recurses on the native stack; the evaluators are stackless) and the corpus's real depths (max 13, median 2).

* state_exec grammar: parser settings live on the state tree

Spec only. max_depth resolves from state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256, matching scheduler::load_settings(); parse_options remains for callers without a tree. Drops the execute_options::max_parse_depth idea so the tree is the single source.

* state_exec: parser settings on the state tree, with a nesting limit (grammar P1b)

The parser now stops at parser.max_depth nested lists and quotes (default
256) with a parse_error, instead of recursing until the native stack
overflows. Like the scheduler's other settings, the limit lives on the
state tree: state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then
state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256; a missing, malformed or
zero value is skipped.

- parser: parse_options (max_depth) on parse()/parse_all()/parser, a
  depth guard on lists and quotes, and parse_options_from_state().
- scheduler: load_settings() resolves parser.* and publishes the
  effective value under state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth;
  execute() parses with it.
- async_scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on
  every submit; Ariadne predicates read it from the app tree.
- stackless evaluators: create_state(script, env, parse_options).

The grammar test moves from a numeric kLandedPhase to named phases; the
257-deep case is P1b and holds now. Tests cover the default, a custom
depth, quotes, 100000 open parens, the error position, tree resolution,
bad values, and both schedulers.

* state_exec: make the parser stackless (explicit frame stack, resumable read)

Lists and quotes were parsed by native recursion, so input depth was
bounded by the thread's stack. The parser now keeps open lists and quotes
on a heap stack of frames and reads in a loop: native stack depth is
constant however deeply the input nests (a test reads a million open
parens and reports the unclosed list instead of crashing).

The loop is a resumable read(out, budget): it reads up to `budget` tokens
and returns datum / end / more, carrying open frames between calls, so a
scheduler can parse a script a slice at a time. parse() and parse_all()
call it with no budget.

Output is unchanged, quirks included (a stray top-level `)` still reads
as a symbol until P2): the conformance cases, the 597-script corpus and
the evaluator suites all pass. parser.max_depth stays on the state tree;
it now bounds parsed data for the code that still walks values
recursively (list destruction, the snapshot codec, to_string) rather
than the parser's own stack. parse_fib20_expr: about 3.4 us vs 3.1 us
for the recursive parser (median of 6, MSVC Release, loaded machine).

* state_exec: read submitted scripts inside the process, a slice per step

The stackless parser's state is an input position plus a heap stack of
open frames, so it can pause anywhere. New setting parser.step_tokens
(on the state tree, resolved like parser.max_depth; default 0) lets a
scheduler parse a submitted script inside the new process instead of at
submit: each scheduler step reads N tokens, and the step that reaches the
end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing up front would have.

- Reading steps are process steps: they count against max_steps and
  max_time and interleave with other processes.
- A syntax error surfaces like a runtime error: the async scheduler kills
  the process with it as the exit error; the sync scheduler throws it
  from step()/run(). With step_tokens = 0, execute() still throws.
- Signals and watch events wait until the script is read (their
  handlers run on the evaluation stack, which doesn't exist yet).
- The snapshot codec stores a mid-read process's source and settings and
  re-reads it after a restore.

Adds parse_options::step_tokens, script_reader (owns its source and
drives parser::read() a budget at a time) and evaluator_state::reading;
stackless_evaluator::step() reads until the script is read. Tests cover
the reader, the evaluator, the codec and both schedulers (results,
syntax errors, max_steps, deferred signals).

* state_exec: the app's exec scheduler reads scripts in steps (1024 tokens)

app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents, now
defaults parser.step_tokens to 1024, so it parses submitted scripts
inside their processes. async_scheduler gains set_parser_defaults(): the
built-in values under its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys.
A plain async_scheduler (pycvc's Exec) and the sync scheduler stay at 0,
so they still report syntax errors at submit.

Why 1024: every script the repo carries reads in one slice (the largest
is 159 tokens, .ari scripts at most 24), so a normal action pays one
extra step of its 5000; a slice costs about 80 us at the parser's
measured ~80 ns/token, so a pathologically large script is spread over
steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.

Ariadne now says why a process died: a killed action's warning carries
its exit error, and the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident (a
syntax error in its body, a runtime error, its per-step cap) once,
instead of letting it vanish silently.

* pycvc: give Exec the same state_exec defaults as the app's exec scheduler

pycvc's Exec runs programs on a private async_scheduler that already
watches the app's state tree, but its built-in parser defaults were
plain parse_options{} while app::exec_scheduler() read scripts in
1024-token steps. Both now take async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults(),
one definition (with the reasoning for 1024) for every libcvc host, and
the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both.

Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError with the parse error's message:
from the killed process's exit error when the script is read in steps,
or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

Tests: test_pycvc_exec.py checks the parse error's message and that
max_depth / step_tokens on the app tree configure Exec; the integration
test pins the app scheduler to host_parser_defaults().

* pycvc: expose the state_exec parser-settings surface under its C++ names

pycvc's state_exec surface was only Exec; the parser settings these PRs
add had no Python counterpart, so the defaults weren't even observable.
In pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

- pycvc.parse_options: the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options struct
  (max_depth, step_tokens), C++ defaults included.
- pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared
  to SWIG on its own (async_scheduler isn't wrapped yet, so no
  constructor).
- pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id="", base=...): the C++
  resolver, taking the app where C++ takes the root (pycvc's convention).
- Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults(): the same calls as
  the async_scheduler Exec wraps.

test_pycvc_exec.py covers each against the C++ behaviour; the README
gains a state_exec section. Built locally (SWIG 4.4.1, Python 3.11):
exec, exec_async, exec_coro and ari tests, 26 passed.

* pycvc: parse_options_from_state takes the State root, as in C++

Wrap the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options_from_state(state&, id, base)
instead of a pycvc adapter that took the app: Python passes the tree root,
pycvc.State.instance(app), exactly as C++ passes cvc::state&. This is the
first decision of the pycvc/C++ parity approach (C++ cvc::state& parameters
take a pycvc.State in Python).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 1 (values, parsing, parse_error, value codec)

Start bringing pycvc's state_exec API to the C++ surface under the C++
names (docs/PYCVC_STATE_EXEC_PARITY.md: the audit of all 20 state_exec
headers, the agreed approach, and the PR plan).

- One strict value_t <-> Python conversion (pycvc_value.h), used by every
  API and by Exec: native types for data, pycvc.symbol (the real struct)
  for symbols, and pycvc.value (the real value_t, opaque) for closures,
  native fns, data objects and generators, which convert back unchanged.
  Non-str dict keys and unsupported types raise TypeError, ints beyond 64
  bits OverflowError, and nesting past 1000 levels or a cycle ValueError.
  This replaces the lossy converter (symbols became str, closures
  "<closure>", anything else str(obj)), which could also put a null item
  in a list on invalid UTF-8 and leave an OverflowError pending.
- pycvc.parse / parse_all, pycvc.parse_error (a RuntimeError with .line
  and .col), pycvc.script_reader, to_string, values_equal, and the value
  codec encode_value / decode_value on a State node.
- Exec.run raises pycvc.parse_error for a syntax error whether the script
  was parsed at submit or read inside the process (it re-parses a killed
  process's script to recover the position).
- The pycvc README's Status/Design sections described a v0 facade; they
  now describe the direct-wrap design.

test_pycvc_state_exec.py (13 tests) covers each against the C++
behaviour. Locally: those plus pycvc's exec, async, coro, ari, state and
core suites pass (87), except test_volume_rawiv_roundtrip, which fails
the same way on the unmodified build (a Windows temp-file lock).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 2 (environments, builtins, schedulers)

Wrap the scheduler surface of cvc::state_exec under the C++ names:

- environment (shared, as environment_ptr) and builtins:
  make_default_environment, and register_fn taking a Python callable
  or a pycvc.value holding a native fn.
- execute_options (on_complete is a Python callable, signal_handlers a
  dict), process_info, scheduler_stats, percent_encode/percent_decode.
- process_status and scheduling_policy as enum.IntEnum classes; an enum
  argument must be a member, so to_string(process_status) and
  to_string(value_t) keep their shared name.
- scheduler and async_scheduler as real classes with their
  non-coroutine members. run/step and sync_run/sync_step release the
  GIL; Python callbacks retake it.
- Exec.scheduler() returns Exec's async_scheduler, which keeps the Exec
  alive.

Empty optionals are None, except for values: get_result,
pop_pending_message and environment.lookup raise KeyError, since None
is nil. The value_t typecheck now runs last, so execute(str) picks the
script overload.

test_pycvc_state_exec_sched.py repeats the C++ scheduler tests on both
classes. The parity doc and README are updated.

* Rerun CI on master (the merge push ran while the PR still targeted #653's branch)

* pycvc: environment.frozen (#660), and the set_existing note now that its comment is fixed

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 3 (evaluators, processes, policy, intrinsics)

Wrap the rest of cvc::state_exec's public surface under the C++ names:

- stackless_evaluator and evaluator, with evaluator_state, eval_frame,
  eval_phase (an IntEnum) and evaluation_stats; evaluation_interrupted
  and evaluation_timeout as RuntimeError subclasses. The evaluators
  release the GIL while they evaluate, so another thread can interrupt,
  pause or resume them. on_complete is a Python callable.
- The process struct (shared, as process_ptr), watch_event and
  watch_handler_entry, make_process, and the scheduler calls that take
  them: current_process() and queue_watch_event(). scheduler_base is
  the common base of the two schedulers.
- encode_/decode_environment and encode_/decode_evaluator_state.
- resource_policy (mode as an IntEnum), process_limits, validate_limits.
- intrinsics_context, channel_policy, register_intrinsics, apply_chroot,
  resolve_channel_key, make_future, future_channel_of. Every function
  register_intrinsics adds keeps its context alive, and the context
  keeps the scheduler and channel policy assigned to it.
- From #660: kDefaultMaxAllocBytes, eval_alloc_limit, eval_alloc_check,
  alloc_bytes, scheduler.max_alloc_bytes(), max_alloc_bytes_from_state.

A reference into an object (evaluator_state.stats, evaluator.stats(),
process.state) keeps its owner alive; other members read and write as
copies. evaluator_state is move-only, so it is moved into Python.

test_pycvc_state_exec_eval.py repeats the C++ tests. The parity doc,
whose inventory now includes what landed on master since the audit, and
the README are updated.
transfix added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 18, 2026
…y-depth values) (#679)

* state_exec: grammar spec, conformance cases and parse corpus (grammar P0)

Declare the state_exec s-expression grammar in docs/STATE_EXEC_GRAMMAR.md
(W3C EBNF, Unicode source rules, literal tables, and a table of every
intentional change from the hand-written parser, tagged by phase P2-P4).
The parser itself is unchanged; later phases build it from this grammar.

state_exec_grammar_test tags each case with the phase it holds from:
landed cases must hold, pending cases must still differ, the doc's EBNF
must be closed, and every production needs a case. state_exec_corpus_test
pins how the 597 DSL scripts the repo carries parse today
(state_exec_corpus/, regenerated with gen_state_exec_corpus.py and
CVC_UPDATE_GOLDENS=1).

Also correct parser.h (no quasiquote) and the developer guide (false and
#f read as nil, bytes literals exist).

* state_exec grammar: make the nesting limit configurable (default 256)

Spec only: parse_options::max_depth on parse()/parse_all()/parser and execute_options::max_parse_depth for submitted scripts, both from P2. Records why the limit exists (the reader recurses on the native stack; the evaluators are stackless) and the corpus's real depths (max 13, median 2).

* state_exec grammar: parser settings live on the state tree

Spec only. max_depth resolves from state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256, matching scheduler::load_settings(); parse_options remains for callers without a tree. Drops the execute_options::max_parse_depth idea so the tree is the single source.

* state_exec: parser settings on the state tree, with a nesting limit (grammar P1b)

The parser now stops at parser.max_depth nested lists and quotes (default
256) with a parse_error, instead of recursing until the native stack
overflows. Like the scheduler's other settings, the limit lives on the
state tree: state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth, then
state_exec.defaults.parser.max_depth, then 256; a missing, malformed or
zero value is skipped.

- parser: parse_options (max_depth) on parse()/parse_all()/parser, a
  depth guard on lists and quotes, and parse_options_from_state().
- scheduler: load_settings() resolves parser.* and publishes the
  effective value under state_exec.schedulers.<id>.parser.max_depth;
  execute() parses with it.
- async_scheduler (the app's exec scheduler) reads the defaults key on
  every submit; Ariadne predicates read it from the app tree.
- stackless evaluators: create_state(script, env, parse_options).

The grammar test moves from a numeric kLandedPhase to named phases; the
257-deep case is P1b and holds now. Tests cover the default, a custom
depth, quotes, 100000 open parens, the error position, tree resolution,
bad values, and both schedulers.

* state_exec: make the parser stackless (explicit frame stack, resumable read)

Lists and quotes were parsed by native recursion, so input depth was
bounded by the thread's stack. The parser now keeps open lists and quotes
on a heap stack of frames and reads in a loop: native stack depth is
constant however deeply the input nests (a test reads a million open
parens and reports the unclosed list instead of crashing).

The loop is a resumable read(out, budget): it reads up to `budget` tokens
and returns datum / end / more, carrying open frames between calls, so a
scheduler can parse a script a slice at a time. parse() and parse_all()
call it with no budget.

Output is unchanged, quirks included (a stray top-level `)` still reads
as a symbol until P2): the conformance cases, the 597-script corpus and
the evaluator suites all pass. parser.max_depth stays on the state tree;
it now bounds parsed data for the code that still walks values
recursively (list destruction, the snapshot codec, to_string) rather
than the parser's own stack. parse_fib20_expr: about 3.4 us vs 3.1 us
for the recursive parser (median of 6, MSVC Release, loaded machine).

* state_exec: read submitted scripts inside the process, a slice per step

The stackless parser's state is an input position plus a heap stack of
open frames, so it can pause anywhere. New setting parser.step_tokens
(on the state tree, resolved like parser.max_depth; default 0) lets a
scheduler parse a submitted script inside the new process instead of at
submit: each scheduler step reads N tokens, and the step that reaches the
end sets up evaluation exactly as parsing up front would have.

- Reading steps are process steps: they count against max_steps and
  max_time and interleave with other processes.
- A syntax error surfaces like a runtime error: the async scheduler kills
  the process with it as the exit error; the sync scheduler throws it
  from step()/run(). With step_tokens = 0, execute() still throws.
- Signals and watch events wait until the script is read (their
  handlers run on the evaluation stack, which doesn't exist yet).
- The snapshot codec stores a mid-read process's source and settings and
  re-reads it after a restore.

Adds parse_options::step_tokens, script_reader (owns its source and
drives parser::read() a budget at a time) and evaluator_state::reading;
stackless_evaluator::step() reads until the script is read. Tests cover
the reader, the evaluator, the codec and both schedulers (results,
syntax errors, max_steps, deferred signals).

* state_exec: the app's exec scheduler reads scripts in steps (1024 tokens)

app::exec_scheduler(), which runs Ariadne's actions and residents, now
defaults parser.step_tokens to 1024, so it parses submitted scripts
inside their processes. async_scheduler gains set_parser_defaults(): the
built-in values under its watch root's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys.
A plain async_scheduler (pycvc's Exec) and the sync scheduler stay at 0,
so they still report syntax errors at submit.

Why 1024: every script the repo carries reads in one slice (the largest
is 159 tokens, .ari scripts at most 24), so a normal action pays one
extra step of its 5000; a slice costs about 80 us at the parser's
measured ~80 ns/token, so a pathologically large script is spread over
steps and frames instead of stalling a drain.

Ariadne now says why a process died: a killed action's warning carries
its exit error, and the per-frame sweep reports a killed resident (a
syntax error in its body, a runtime error, its per-step cap) once,
instead of letting it vanish silently.

* pycvc: give Exec the same state_exec defaults as the app's exec scheduler

pycvc's Exec runs programs on a private async_scheduler that already
watches the app's state tree, but its built-in parser defaults were
plain parse_options{} while app::exec_scheduler() read scripts in
1024-token steps. Both now take async_scheduler::host_parser_defaults(),
one definition (with the reasoning for 1024) for every libcvc host, and
the app tree's state_exec.defaults.parser.* keys override both.

Exec.run() still raises a RuntimeError with the parse error's message:
from the killed process's exit error when the script is read in steps,
or from execute() when the tree sets step_tokens to 0.

Tests: test_pycvc_exec.py checks the parse error's message and that
max_depth / step_tokens on the app tree configure Exec; the integration
test pins the app scheduler to host_parser_defaults().

* pycvc: expose the state_exec parser-settings surface under its C++ names

pycvc's state_exec surface was only Exec; the parser settings these PRs
add had no Python counterpart, so the defaults weren't even observable.
In pycvc's direct-wrap style (the real C++ types, no facade):

- pycvc.parse_options: the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options struct
  (max_depth, step_tokens), C++ defaults included.
- pycvc.async_scheduler.host_parser_defaults(): the real static, declared
  to SWIG on its own (async_scheduler isn't wrapped yet, so no
  constructor).
- pycvc.parse_options_from_state(app, scheduler_id="", base=...): the C++
  resolver, taking the app where C++ takes the root (pycvc's convention).
- Exec.parser_defaults() / Exec.set_parser_defaults(): the same calls as
  the async_scheduler Exec wraps.

test_pycvc_exec.py covers each against the C++ behaviour; the README
gains a state_exec section. Built locally (SWIG 4.4.1, Python 3.11):
exec, exec_async, exec_coro and ari tests, 26 passed.

* pycvc: parse_options_from_state takes the State root, as in C++

Wrap the real cvc::state_exec::parse_options_from_state(state&, id, base)
instead of a pycvc adapter that took the app: Python passes the tree root,
pycvc.State.instance(app), exactly as C++ passes cvc::state&. This is the
first decision of the pycvc/C++ parity approach (C++ cvc::state& parameters
take a pycvc.State in Python).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 1 (values, parsing, parse_error, value codec)

Start bringing pycvc's state_exec API to the C++ surface under the C++
names (docs/PYCVC_STATE_EXEC_PARITY.md: the audit of all 20 state_exec
headers, the agreed approach, and the PR plan).

- One strict value_t <-> Python conversion (pycvc_value.h), used by every
  API and by Exec: native types for data, pycvc.symbol (the real struct)
  for symbols, and pycvc.value (the real value_t, opaque) for closures,
  native fns, data objects and generators, which convert back unchanged.
  Non-str dict keys and unsupported types raise TypeError, ints beyond 64
  bits OverflowError, and nesting past 1000 levels or a cycle ValueError.
  This replaces the lossy converter (symbols became str, closures
  "<closure>", anything else str(obj)), which could also put a null item
  in a list on invalid UTF-8 and leave an OverflowError pending.
- pycvc.parse / parse_all, pycvc.parse_error (a RuntimeError with .line
  and .col), pycvc.script_reader, to_string, values_equal, and the value
  codec encode_value / decode_value on a State node.
- Exec.run raises pycvc.parse_error for a syntax error whether the script
  was parsed at submit or read inside the process (it re-parses a killed
  process's script to recover the position).
- The pycvc README's Status/Design sections described a v0 facade; they
  now describe the direct-wrap design.

test_pycvc_state_exec.py (13 tests) covers each against the C++
behaviour. Locally: those plus pycvc's exec, async, coro, ari, state and
core suites pass (87), except test_volume_rawiv_roundtrip, which fails
the same way on the unmodified build (a Windows temp-file lock).

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 2 (environments, builtins, schedulers)

Wrap the scheduler surface of cvc::state_exec under the C++ names:

- environment (shared, as environment_ptr) and builtins:
  make_default_environment, and register_fn taking a Python callable
  or a pycvc.value holding a native fn.
- execute_options (on_complete is a Python callable, signal_handlers a
  dict), process_info, scheduler_stats, percent_encode/percent_decode.
- process_status and scheduling_policy as enum.IntEnum classes; an enum
  argument must be a member, so to_string(process_status) and
  to_string(value_t) keep their shared name.
- scheduler and async_scheduler as real classes with their
  non-coroutine members. run/step and sync_run/sync_step release the
  GIL; Python callbacks retake it.
- Exec.scheduler() returns Exec's async_scheduler, which keeps the Exec
  alive.

Empty optionals are None, except for values: get_result,
pop_pending_message and environment.lookup raise KeyError, since None
is nil. The value_t typecheck now runs last, so execute(str) picks the
script overload.

test_pycvc_state_exec_sched.py repeats the C++ scheduler tests on both
classes. The parity doc and README are updated.

* Rerun CI on master (the merge push ran while the PR still targeted #653's branch)

* pycvc: environment.frozen (#660), and the set_existing note now that its comment is fixed

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 3 (evaluators, processes, policy, intrinsics)

Wrap the rest of cvc::state_exec's public surface under the C++ names:

- stackless_evaluator and evaluator, with evaluator_state, eval_frame,
  eval_phase (an IntEnum) and evaluation_stats; evaluation_interrupted
  and evaluation_timeout as RuntimeError subclasses. The evaluators
  release the GIL while they evaluate, so another thread can interrupt,
  pause or resume them. on_complete is a Python callable.
- The process struct (shared, as process_ptr), watch_event and
  watch_handler_entry, make_process, and the scheduler calls that take
  them: current_process() and queue_watch_event(). scheduler_base is
  the common base of the two schedulers.
- encode_/decode_environment and encode_/decode_evaluator_state.
- resource_policy (mode as an IntEnum), process_limits, validate_limits.
- intrinsics_context, channel_policy, register_intrinsics, apply_chroot,
  resolve_channel_key, make_future, future_channel_of. Every function
  register_intrinsics adds keeps its context alive, and the context
  keeps the scheduler and channel policy assigned to it.
- From #660: kDefaultMaxAllocBytes, eval_alloc_limit, eval_alloc_check,
  alloc_bytes, scheduler.max_alloc_bytes(), max_alloc_bytes_from_state.

A reference into an object (evaluator_state.stats, evaluator.stats(),
process.state) keeps its owner alive; other members read and write as
copies. evaluator_state is move-only, so it is moved into Python.

test_pycvc_state_exec_eval.py repeats the C++ tests. The parity doc,
whose inventory now includes what landed on master since the audit, and
the README are updated.

* pycvc: state_exec parity part 4 (data jobs, heap, stdlib registry, any-depth values)

- The value conversion walks with an explicit stack instead of recursing, so a value
  nested any depth crosses both ways (the parser's max_depth default is going to
  100000). A list or dict shared within a value converts to one object, both ways:
  sharing survives the trip, a shared structure converts in time proportional to its
  size, and a DSL list that holds itself becomes a Python list that holds itself. A
  Python value that holds itself still raises ValueError.
- The deep-data jobs (#658, #665): data_job, the make_*_job factories,
  run_to_completion, run_data_job (a Python callable as `then`), call_function,
  is_compound, count_data_nodes, kDataNodeBytes. A job is handed to Python owned
  (std::unique_ptr); `who` is kept for good, as C++ holds the pointer.
- The heap (#667): heap_options and its tree settings, measure_heap_share,
  make_heap_share_job, heap_remeasure_bytes, and the per-thread cycle collector;
  the heap fields on process and process_info, evaluator_state.heap_measured,
  stackless_evaluator.global_env(), eval_alloc_note.
- stdlib_registry: standard() (a copy), shared_scope(), register_function (a Python
  callable or a pycvc.value native), list_*, import_module, lookup_qualified (KeyError
  where C++ returns nullptr).
- SWIG_STD_MOVE moves on MSVC too (it reports __cplusplus 199711L without
  /Zc:__cplusplus), so a unique_ptr argument can be passed.

test_pycvc_state_exec_data.py covers the new calls, and test_pycvc_state_exec.py the
any-depth, sharing conversion. The parity doc and README are updated.

* pycvc: wrap #682/#683's call_function continuation, make_generator_job and the native nesting limits
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