fix: update Open edX image to Ubuntu 24.04

[Syed-Ali-Abbas-568]

Summary

Bump the openedx image's base OS from Ubuntu 22.04 → 24.04, matching every other Tutor plugin image and the version Open edX's own CI actually tests against.

Fix included

A plain version bump isn't enough — Ubuntu's docker image now ships a built-in ubuntu user at UID 1000, which collides with the app user Tutor creates (useradd: UID 1000 is not unique). Added RUN userdel -r ubuntu before it, same fix already used in tutor-notes/tutor-xqueue.

(Dependabot's earlier #1414 jumped straight to 26.04 and was closed after breaking on a clean build — this targets the smaller, proven 24.04 step instead.)

Tested

tutor images build openedx on ubuntu:24.04 builds clean end-to-end, including the unmodified edx-platform (release/verawood.1) checkout.

[Abdul-Muqadim-Arbisoft]

Thanks for this @Syed-Ali-Abbas-568! I built both openedx and openedx-dev from this branch (arm64) and ran a full tutor local launch with mfe + indigo on top of it, imported the demo course and checked that search indexing works. Everything came up fine: same Python 3.12.13 and Node versions, all the compiled deps import correctly, pip check passes, static assets are identical, and the dev image with a non-1000 uid works too. The userdel -r ubuntu fix is needed and looks right.

A few things before we can merge:

1. ntp now pulls in systemd. On 24.04, ntp is just a transitional package for ntpsec, which depends on python3 and recommends systemd. So the production image now ends up with systemd, systemd-resolved, dbus and a system python3, about 40 extra packages / ~50MB that we didn't have on 22.04. ntp doesn't do anything inside a container anyway. Could you replace ntp with tzdata in the production stage? (tzdata was only coming in through ntp before, so we still want it.)
2. Makefile: pull-base-images still pulls docker.io/ubuntu:22.04 (line 88), that should be bumped too.
3. Changelog: please use the usual (by @Syed-Ali-Abbas-568) instead of "generated by Claude Code on behalf of...". Since it's marked 💥, it should also tell people what they need to do: rebuild their images, and plugins or custom patches that apt install packages in the openedx Dockerfile may need the noble package names (e.g. libicu70 → libicu74, a lot of libs got a t64 suffix). The userdel detail isn't really something users need to know, I'd drop that sub-bullet.
4. Small one: the commit title says fix: but this is a breaking change, feat!: would match better. The commit message also says every other plugin image is already on 24.04, but tutor-discovery's release branch is still on 22.04.

Bigger question is where this lands. Since it's a 💥 change, merging it into release means the next release has to be 22.1.0. So far we've only changed the base OS together with a new Open edX release, and 22.04 is supported until April 2027, so there's no rush. I'd lean towards targeting main for this one. Either way the fixes above are needed.

[ahmed-arb]

And I agree with @Abdul-Muqadim-Arbisoft; this should land in master, as all breaking upgrades target that.