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Sync Request Curl

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A high-performance Node.js alternative to sync-request for making synchronous web requests.


1. Installation

npm install sync-request-curl

2. Usage

request(method, url, options);

The request function is the package default export. ESM consumers can import FormData and public types from the root entry:

import request, { FormData } from 'sync-request-curl';
import type { Options, Response } from 'sync-request-curl';
Examples (click to view)

GET request without options

import request from 'sync-request-curl';

const res = request('GET', 'https://comp1531namesages.alwaysdata.net');
console.log('Status Code:', res.statusCode);
const jsonBody = JSON.parse(res.body.toString());
console.log('Returned JSON object:', jsonBody);

GET request with query string parameters

import request from 'sync-request-curl';

const res = request('GET', 'https://comp1531forum.alwaysdata.net/echo/echo', {
  qs: { message: 'Hello, world!' },
});
console.log('Status Code:', res.statusCode);
const jsonBody = JSON.parse(res.body.toString());
console.log('Returned JSON object:', jsonBody);

POST request with headers and JSON payload

import request from 'sync-request-curl';

const res = request('POST', 'https://comp1531quiz.alwaysdata.net/quiz/create', {
  headers: { lab08quizsecret: "bruno's fight club" },
  json: {
    quizTitle: 'New Quiz',
    quizSynopsis: 'Sync request curl example',
  },
});

console.log('Status Code:', res.statusCode);
const jsonBody = JSON.parse(res.body.toString());
console.log('Returned JSON Object:', jsonBody);

POST request for file upload using multipart/form-data

import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
import request, { FormData } from 'sync-request-curl';

const form = new FormData();
form.append('example-file', readFileSync('./path/to/file.txt'), 'file.txt');
form.append('example-content', 'Example Content!');

const res = request('POST', 'https://example.com/upload', { form });
console.log('Status Code:', res.statusCode);

FormData also exposes the synchronous Node form-data helpers used by then-request: getHeaders(), getBoundary(), setBoundary(), getBuffer(), getLengthSync(), hasKnownLength(), and toString(). The append() options object supports filename, contentType, knownLength, and the advanced raw header override. A custom header is serialized verbatim and is responsible for its own multipart boundary and part headers. Stream-valued fields and callback/stream helpers such as getLength(), pipe(), and submit() are not provided.

Proxy request

import request from 'sync-request-curl';

const res = request('GET', 'https://ipinfo.io/json', {
  proxy: {
    url: 'http://your-proxy-url:port',
    username: 'proxyUsername',
    password: 'proxyPassword',
  },
});

console.log('Status Code:', res.statusCode);
const jsonBody = res.getJSON();
console.log(jsonBody);

3. API reference

Request

request()

function request(
   method,
   url,
   options?
): Response;

Perform a synchronous HTTP(S) request and return the complete buffered response.

Parameters
Parameter Type Description
method HttpVerb Recognised HTTP method. Matching is case-insensitive; CONNECT is rejected.
url string | URL Absolute http: or https: URL, provided as a string or URL.
options Options Request, transport, redirect, retry, and cache options.
Returns

Response

The buffered response after redirects and retries complete.


HttpVerb

type HttpVerb =
  | "GET"
  | "get"
  | "HEAD"
  | "head"
  | "POST"
  | "post"
  | "PUT"
  | "put"
  | "DELETE"
  | "delete"
  | "CONNECT"
  | "connect"
  | "OPTIONS"
  | "options"
  | "TRACE"
  | "trace"
  | "PATCH"
  | "patch"
  | "PROPFIND"
  | "propfind";

Recognised HTTP methods. Input is case-insensitive and is normalised to uppercase before transport.

CONNECT is retained in the union for source compatibility with sync-request, but request() rejects it because the buffered API cannot expose the tunnel socket created by a successful CONNECT response.


Options

type Options = {
  proxy?: ProxyOptions;
  rejectUnauthorized?: boolean;
  caFile?: string;
  localAddress?: string;
  localInterface?: string;
  tcpKeepAlive?: boolean
     | {
     idleSeconds?: number;
     intervalSeconds?: number;
   };
  cacheNamespace?: string;
  headers?: Headers;
  qs?: {
   [key: string]: unknown;
  };
  json?: JsonLike;
  body?: string | Buffer<ArrayBufferLike>;
  form?: FormData;
  timeout?: number;
  overallTimeout?: number;
  socketTimeout?: number;
  followRedirects?: boolean;
  maxRedirects?: number;
  allowRedirectHeaders?: string[];
  gzip?: boolean;
  cache?: "file" | "memory";
  isMatch?: CacheIsMatchFunction;
  isExpired?: CacheIsExpiredFunction;
  canCache?: CacheCanCacheFunction;
  agent?: boolean | Agent;
  retry?: boolean | RetryFunction;
  retryDelay?: number | RetryDelayFunction;
  maxRetries?: number;
};

Options accepted by request.

Payload precedence is form, then json, then body when more than one is supplied.

Type Declaration
Name Type Description
proxy? ProxyOptions Explicit HTTP/HTTPS proxy origin URL. Ambient proxy variables are ignored. Defaults to no proxy.
rejectUnauthorized? boolean Verify the origin certificate chain and hostname. Defaults to true.
caFile? string PEM CA bundle path for origin TLS verification.
localAddress? string Source IPv4/IPv6 address. Hostnames are rejected.
localInterface? string Source interface name. Mutually exclusive with localAddress.
tcpKeepAlive? | boolean | { idleSeconds?: number; intervalSeconds?: number; } Enable TCP keepalive, optionally with idle and interval controls. Defaults to false.
cacheNamespace? string Private cache identity. Defaults to process.cwd().
headers? Headers Node-style request headers.
qs? { [key: string]: unknown; } Query values merged with any existing query string.
json? JsonLike JSON-compatible request body. Adds application/json when needed.
body? string | Buffer<ArrayBufferLike> Raw string or Buffer request body.
form? FormData Synchronous multipart/form-data body.
timeout? number Maximum time to wait for response headers in milliseconds. Defaults to 0, which disables it.
overallTimeout? number Complete-operation deadline in milliseconds. Defaults to 0, which disables it.
socketTimeout? number Socket inactivity timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 0, which disables it.
followRedirects? boolean Follow redirects automatically. Defaults to true.
maxRedirects? number Maximum redirects to follow. Defaults to no limit. Negative values and infinities also mean no limit; NaN is invalid.
allowRedirectHeaders? string[] Caller headers allowed to be forwarded to redirect hops. Defaults to none.
gzip? boolean Transparently decompress gzip/deflate responses. Defaults to true.
cache? "file" | "memory" Enable the private HTTP-aware cache in file or memory storage. Defaults to disabled.
isMatch? CacheIsMatchFunction Override whether a stored cache variant matches the outgoing request. When caching is enabled, defaults to the built-in Vary comparison.
isExpired? CacheIsExpiredFunction Override whether a matched cached response is expired. When caching is enabled, defaults to the built-in freshness calculation.
canCache? CacheCanCacheFunction Override whether a completed origin response may be stored. When caching is enabled, defaults to the built-in response cacheability rules.
agent? boolean | Agent sync-request boolean agent option, or a keep-alive Node Agent for connection reuse. Defaults to the standard connection behaviour without a dedicated persistent pool.
retry? boolean | RetryFunction Retry GET requests, or provide a callback to decide per attempt. Defaults to disabled.
retryDelay? number | RetryDelayFunction Retry delay in milliseconds, or a callback returning the delay. Defaults to 200 milliseconds when retries are enabled.
maxRetries? number Maximum retry count. Defaults to 5 when retries are enabled.

Headers

type Headers = IncomingHttpHeaders;

HTTP header map used by then-request.

This is an alias of Node.js' IncomingHttpHeaders, exposed under the historical then-request name so consumers do not need to import Node's type directly.


JsonPrimitive

type JsonPrimitive = string | number | boolean | null;

Primitive JSON values accepted in request bodies.


NestedJsonLike

type NestedJsonLike =
  | JsonLike
  | undefined
  | {
  toJSON: () => NestedJsonLike;
};

Values accepted when nested inside JSON request bodies.


JsonLike

type JsonLike =
  | JsonPrimitive
  | readonly NestedJsonLike[]
  | {
[key: string]: NestedJsonLike;
}
  | {
  toJSON: () => JsonLike;
};

Values accepted for JSON request bodies.

This intentionally follows practical JSON.stringify() inputs rather than only strict JSON syntax. undefined is allowed inside objects and arrays, and objects with toJSON() (for example Date) are supported.


ProxyOptions

An explicit HTTP/HTTPS proxy and optional Basic credentials.

Properties
Property Type Description
url string HTTP/HTTPS proxy origin URL. May contain URL-encoded credentials.
username? string Overrides both URL credentials. An omitted password becomes an empty string.
password? string Proxy password. Requires an explicit username. Defaults to an empty string.

RetryResponse

Response shape passed to retry policy callbacks.

getBody() follows the same status handling as a normal response. Retry callbacks receive this buffered response before the next attempt begins.

Extended by
Methods
getBody()
Call Signature
getBody(encoding): string;

Read the response body as a string using the requested encoding.

Parameters
Parameter Type
encoding BufferEncoding
Returns

string

Call Signature
getBody(): Buffer;

Read the response body as a Buffer.

Returns

Buffer

Properties
Property Type Description
statusCode number HTTP response status code.
headers Headers Node-style response headers with lowercase keys.
url string Final effective URL for the completed attempt.
body Buffer Buffered response body.

CachedResponse

Buffered cached response passed to cache policy callbacks.

The body, headers, and request headers are defensive copies. Mutating them does not modify the stored cache entry.

Properties
Property Type Description
statusCode number Cached HTTP response status code.
headers Headers Cached Node-style response headers with lowercase keys.
body Buffer Buffered cached response body.
requestHeaders Headers Request headers stored with this cache variant.
requestTimestamp number Timestamp when the cached request started, in Unix milliseconds.

CachePolicyResponse

Buffered origin response passed to canCache.

This is the normal public response shape for the completed GET request.

Extends
Methods
getBody()
Call Signature
getBody(encoding): string;

Read the response body as a string using the requested encoding.

Parameters
Parameter Type
encoding BufferEncoding
Returns

string

Inherited from

RetryResponse.getBody

Call Signature
getBody(): Buffer;

Read the response body as a Buffer.

Returns

Buffer

Inherited from

RetryResponse.getBody

getJSON()
getJSON<T>(encoding?): T;

Parse the buffered response body as JSON.

Type Parameters
Type Parameter Default type
T any
Parameters
Parameter Type
encoding? BufferEncoding
Returns

T

Properties
Property Type Description Inherited from
statusCode number HTTP response status code. RetryResponse.statusCode
headers Headers Node-style response headers with lowercase keys. RetryResponse.headers
url string Final effective URL for the completed attempt. RetryResponse.url
body Buffer Buffered response body. RetryResponse.body

CacheIsMatchFunction

type CacheIsMatchFunction = (requestHeaders, cachedResponse, defaultValue) => boolean;

Override whether a stored cache variant matches the outgoing request.

defaultValue is the built-in Vary comparison result.

Parameters
Parameter Type
requestHeaders Headers
cachedResponse CachedResponse
defaultValue boolean
Returns

boolean


CacheIsExpiredFunction

type CacheIsExpiredFunction = (cachedResponse, defaultValue) => boolean;

Override whether a matched cached response is expired.

defaultValue is the result of the built-in freshness calculation.

Parameters
Parameter Type
cachedResponse CachedResponse
defaultValue boolean
Returns

boolean


CacheCanCacheFunction

type CacheCanCacheFunction = (response, defaultValue) => boolean;

Override whether a completed origin response may be stored in the cache.

defaultValue is the built-in response cacheability result. Request-side Cache-Control: no-store still disables storage before this callback runs.

Parameters
Parameter Type
response CachePolicyResponse
defaultValue boolean
Returns

boolean


RetryFunction

type RetryFunction = (error, response, attemptNumber) => boolean;

Decide whether a GET request should be retried after an error or response.

attemptNumber starts at 1 for the first completed attempt. Transport failures are passed as CurlError instances; response parser failures are passed as RequestError instances.

Parameters
Parameter Type
error CurlError | RequestError | null
response RetryResponse | undefined
attemptNumber number
Returns

boolean


RetryDelayFunction

type RetryDelayFunction = (error, response, attemptNumber) => number;

Return the delay in milliseconds before the next retry.

attemptNumber starts at 1 for the first completed attempt. Transport failures are passed as CurlError instances; response parser failures are passed as RequestError instances.

Parameters
Parameter Type
error CurlError | RequestError | null
response RetryResponse | undefined
attemptNumber number
Returns

number

Response

GetBody

type GetBody = {
  <Encoding>(encoding): string;
  (): Buffer;
};

Read the current response body.

Calling without an encoding returns the Buffer. Passing an encoding returns a string. A response with statusCode >= 300 throws ResponseError.

Call Signature
<Encoding>(encoding): string;
Type Parameters
Type Parameter
Encoding extends BufferEncoding
Parameters
Parameter Type
encoding Encoding
Returns

string

Call Signature
(): Buffer;
Returns

Buffer


GetJSON

type GetJSON = <T>(encoding?) => T;

Parse the current response body as JSON.

Unlike GetBody, this helper does not reject HTTP error status codes. It only throws if the body cannot be parsed as JSON. Defaults to any for v4 compatibility. Pass an explicit type argument to describe the expected result; this does not perform runtime validation.

Type Parameters
Type Parameter Default type
T any
Parameters
Parameter Type
encoding? BufferEncoding
Returns

T


Response

Buffered synchronous response returned by request.

Helper methods observe later mutations to the public response object rather than a hidden immutable snapshot.

Properties
Property Type Description
isError () => boolean Return whether the response represents an HTTP error.
getBody GetBody Read the response body and throw ResponseError for HTTP status >= 300.
getJSON GetJSON Parse the response body as JSON without applying HTTP status handling.
statusCode number HTTP response status code.
headers Headers Node-style response headers with lowercase keys.
url string Final effective URL after query handling and redirects.
body Buffer<ArrayBufferLike> Mutable buffered response body.

BufferEncoding

type BufferEncoding =
  | "base64"
  | "ascii"
  | "utf8"
  | "utf-8"
  | "utf16le"
  | "utf-16le"
  | "ucs2"
  | "ucs-2"
  | "base64url"
  | "latin1"
  | "binary"
  | "hex";

Buffer encodings accepted by response body helpers.

Multipart

FormDataEntry

One multipart entry accepted by FormData.

Properties
Property Type Description
contentType? string Optional media type override.
knownLength? number Accepted for form-data append-option compatibility.
header? string Optional raw multipart header that replaces generated part headers.
key string Multipart field name.
value string | number | boolean | Buffer<ArrayBufferLike> | Blob Synchronously materialisable multipart field value.
fileName? string Optional file name. Path components are stripped before sending.

FormData

Synchronous multipart/form-data builder compatible with the Node.js FormData surface exposed by then-request.

Stream-valued parts and callback/stream methods from the form-data package are intentionally omitted because this package is synchronous-only.

Constructors
Constructor
new FormData(): FormData;
Returns

FormData

Methods
append()
append(
   key,
   value,
   options?
): void;

Append a synchronously materialisable multipart field.

Numbers and booleans are converted to strings. The third argument may be a filename string or the synchronous subset of form-data append options. A custom header is serialized verbatim and replaces the generated boundary and part headers, matching Node's form-data behavior. Local path components are stripped from generated filenames before sending.

Parameters
Parameter Type
key string
value string | number | boolean | Buffer<ArrayBufferLike> | Blob
options? | string | { filename?: string; contentType?: string; knownLength?: number; header?: string; }
Returns

void

getHeaders()
Call Signature
getHeaders(): IncomingHttpHeaders & {
  content-type: string;
};

Return multipart request headers, merged with optional caller headers.

Returns

IncomingHttpHeaders & { content-type: string; }

Call Signature
getHeaders(userHeaders): Headers;

Return multipart request headers, merged with optional caller headers.

Parameters
Parameter Type
userHeaders Headers
Returns

Headers

getBoundary()
getBoundary(): string;

Return the boundary used to serialize this form.

Returns

string

setBoundary()
setBoundary(boundary): void;

Set the multipart boundary used by headers and serialization.

Parameters
Parameter Type
boundary string
Returns

void

getBuffer()
getBuffer(): Buffer;

Serialize the complete multipart payload synchronously.

Returns

Buffer

getLengthSync()
getLengthSync(): number;

Return the exact byte length of getBuffer().

Returns

number

hasKnownLength()
hasKnownLength(): boolean;

All supported field values have a synchronously known length.

Returns

boolean

toString()
toString(): string;

Match the identity string returned by Node's form-data package.

Returns

string

Errors

RequestErrorCode

type RequestErrorCode = "ETIMEDOUT" | "ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS" | "ERR_REQUEST_FAILED";

Stable transport-neutral error codes emitted by the TypeScript request layer.


CurlError

Raw libcurl transport failure.

The numeric code is retained for compatibility with earlier sync-request-curl releases and maps to libcurl's documented error codes.

Extends
Constructors
Constructor
new CurlError(code, message): CurlError;
Parameters
Parameter Type
code number
message string
Returns

CurlError

Overrides
Error.constructor
Properties
Property Type Description
code number Numeric libcurl error code.

RequestError

Transport-neutral request failure created by the TypeScript request layer.

Extends
Constructors
Constructor
new RequestError(
   code,
   message,
   options?
): RequestError;
Parameters
Parameter Type
code RequestErrorCode
message string
options? ErrorOptions
Returns

RequestError

Overrides
Error.constructor
Properties
Property Modifier Type Description
code readonly RequestErrorCode Stable transport-neutral request error code.

ResponseError

HTTP status error thrown by response.getBody() for status codes >= 300.

The status, headers, body, and response URL that produced the error remain available on the error object.

Extends
Constructors
Constructor
new ResponseError(
   statusCode,
   headers,
   body,
   encoding?,
   url?
): ResponseError;
Parameters
Parameter Type
statusCode number
headers Headers
body Buffer
encoding? BufferEncoding
url? string
Returns

ResponseError

Overrides
Error.constructor
Properties
Property Modifier Type Description
statusCode readonly number HTTP status code that caused the error.
headers readonly Headers Response headers returned by the server.
body readonly Buffer Buffered response body returned by the server.
url? readonly string Final response URL when the error came from Response#getBody().

4. Differences from sync-request

4.1. Additions

  • Response#getJSON() is available as a convenience helper.
  • cache: "memory" is available as an alternative to the file cache.
  • isMatch, isExpired, and canCache expose the synchronous cache-policy hooks from http-basic. Callback/stream-based custom cache implementations remain out of scope; use the built-in "file" or "memory" cache.
  • retry and retryDelay can be callbacks when you need to decide retry behaviour at runtime. Transport failures passed to these callbacks are CurlError instances with numeric libcurl error codes, while response parser failures are RequestError instances rather than Node ErrnoException errors.
  • agent still accepts the boolean values supported by sync-request, and can also take a keep-alive Node Agent for connection reuse.
  • overallTimeout sets a deadline for the whole operation, alongside the response-header timeout and inactivity socketTimeout options.
  • TLS, local network binding, and TCP keepalive have dedicated options.

4.2. Behavioural differences

  • RFC 9110 defines request framing independently of the method, so request content is permitted on GET, DELETE, and HEAD. The standard also notes that this content has no generally defined semantics and may be rejected by some implementations.
  • Falsy JSON values such as false, 0, "", and null are valid payloads.
  • Response#getBody() throws ResponseError for HTTP status codes >= 300. It still extends Error and exposes statusCode, headers, and body, but its name is "ResponseError" rather than sync-request's default "Error".
  • Invalid HTTP framing is rejected rather than sending conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding headers.
  • Obsolete HTTP/1 response line folding is normalised to spaces as required for user agents by RFC 9112. sync-request inherits Node's stricter parser, which can reject those responses instead.
  • CONNECT is rejected explicitly. Although sync-request accepts it at the type level, its underlying buffered request stack does not complete a successful CONNECT tunnel response.
  • libcurl applies RFC 3986 URL normalisation, including removal of . and .. path segments. Response#url reports libcurl's effective URL, so it can reflect that normalisation instead of preserving the caller's literal URL.
  • An explicit Authorization header takes precedence over credentials in the URL, and a caller-supplied Accept-Encoding header is left unchanged.
  • 307 and 308 redirects preserve the request method and body. sync-request can rewrite some body-bearing redirects to GET.
  • A redirect response without a Location header is returned unchanged rather than being converted into an exception. RFC 9110's redirection semantics define automatic redirection in terms of a provided Location value. This intentionally differs from http-basic, which throws when a redirect status has no redirect target.
  • Query merging preserves additional literal ? and # delimiters that sync-request can truncate while splitting URLs.
  • Default cache handling is stricter: no-store takes precedence, Age is updated on cache hits, cached headers are isolated from mutation, and recoverable cache-read errors are treated as misses.
  • HTTPS requests can negotiate HTTP/2 automatically when supported.

5. License

MIT

6. Compatibility

sync-request-curl supports Node.js 16.17.0 and newer.

The package manager selects a matching native binary when one is available. Installing or importing the package does not compile native code.

6.1. Windows

Prebuilt binaries are available for x64, arm64, and x86 (ia32) Windows. For x86, use a Node.js release that provides an x86 runtime.

Requests can fail with Libcurl Error 60 (CURLE_PEER_FAILED_VERIFICATION) when the peer certificate cannot be verified. rejectUnauthorized: false disables origin certificate and hostname verification and should only be used when that trade-off is intentional.

6.2. macOS

Prebuilt binaries are available for Apple Silicon (arm64) and Intel (x64) macOS.

6.3. Linux

Prebuilt binaries are available for x64 and arm64 Linux on both glibc and musl. GNU/Linux release binaries require GLIBC 2.31 or newer.

6.4. Building from source

If a prebuilt binary is unavailable for your platform, or if optional dependencies were intentionally omitted, build the installed package explicitly using your package manager:

npm exec --no -- sync-request-curl-build
pnpm exec sync-request-curl-build
yarn run sync-request-curl-build

Run the build with the same Node.js architecture that will use the library. Run sync-request-curl-build --help for the current prerequisites.

Source builds keep the release defaults: macOS links the system libcurl, while Linux and Windows build the libcurl bundled by curl-sys. Override that choice explicitly when needed:

npm exec --no -- sync-request-curl-build --libcurl=system
npm exec --no -- sync-request-curl-build --libcurl=bundled

--libcurl=system is strict: if curl-sys cannot discover a compatible system libcurl, the build fails instead of silently falling back to its bundled copy. On Unix systems, system discovery uses the platform libcurl or pkg-config. On Windows, curl-sys uses vcpkg. System builds inherit the capabilities and TLS behaviour of the selected libcurl. --libcurl=bundled uses the pinned libcurl shipped by curl-sys and retains the package's vendored build configuration. The flag selects the libcurl implementation. Both modes continue to use curl-sys as the Rust FFI layer.

Source builds require:

  • Rust 1.88 or newer and Cargo
  • Linux and other Unix systems: a C/C++ compiler, make, Perl, pkg-config, and CA certificates
  • macOS: Xcode Command Line Tools
  • Windows: Visual Studio C++ Build Tools and the Windows SDK for the target CPU
  • Access to the locked Cargo dependencies, or an already populated Cargo cache

Other architectures and Unix platforms may work when Node.js, Rust, and the required native dependencies support them, but they are not part of the prebuilt release matrix.

Set CARGO_BUILD_TARGET when you need to select a Rust target explicitly. The build must still run with a Node.js architecture compatible with the resulting addon.

To use an externally managed native build, set SYNC_REQUEST_CURL_NATIVE_PATH to the absolute path of its .node file.

7. Caveats

sync-request-curl was developed to improve performance with sending synchronous requests in Node.js. It is also free from the sync-request bug which leaves an orphaned sync-rpc process, resulting in a leaked handle being detected in Jest.

sync-request-curl was initially designed to work with UNIX-like systems for UNSW students enrolled in COMP1531 Software Engineering Fundamentals. The native distribution targets glibc- and musl-based Linux, Windows, and macOS on the architectures listed in the compatibility section.

Please note that this library's primary goal is to simplify the learning of JavaScript for novice programmers, hence its synchronous nature. However, we recommend to always use an asynchronous alternative where possible.

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