Update Go version for macOS-latest compatibility

[muir]

Extend Go version testing through 1.27

Add Go 1.27 to the test matrix to ensure compatibility with the latest Go versions.

This PR updates the Go version to ensure compatibility with macos-latest in GitHub Actions, which no longer supports Go 1.22.

Changes:

• Updated go.mod to require Go or higher
• Updated CI workflows to test against Go versions: 1.24.x, 1.25.x, 1.26.x, 1.27.x
• Updated golangci-lint to use Go

This ensures the project works with current GitHub Actions runners.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 81.74%. Comparing base (5e9ecc6) to head (0767247).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #390   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   81.74%   81.74%           
=======================================
  Files          16       16           
  Lines        1786     1786           
=======================================
  Hits         1460     1460           
  Misses        200      200           
  Partials      126      126           

Flag	Coverage Δ
go_tests	19.70% <ø> (ø)
mysql_tests	47.91% <ø> (ø)
pg_tests	51.83% <ø> (ø)
singlestore_tests	44.75% <ø> (ø)

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