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fix(catalog): serialize nemotron5 workspace preparation on a shared checkpoint PVC - #555

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Rico00121:fix/training-workspace-prep-lock
Oct 25, 2026
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NVIDIA:mainfrom
Rico00121:fix/training-workspace-prep-lock

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@Rico00121 Rico00121 commented Oct 22, 2026 •

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Summary

With enableCheckpoint: true, every pod of a multi-node training/nemotron5-8b or nemotron5-56b Job mounts the same ReadWriteMany PVC as /mnt/workspace. Each pod's megatron-clone init container then ran rm -rf /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.tmp and cloned into that same path, so pods deleted each other's clone until the Job hit its backoff limit, before any training step. train.sh had a second race: every pod ran pip install -e . in the shared megatron-lm directory.

This change serializes both steps on lock files in the workspace. If locking fails, the source preparation still falls back safely; the helpers build does not (see Fallback and timeouts).

Related Issue

Closes #548

Type of Change

  • 🐛 Bug fix
  • ✨ New feature
  • 💥 Breaking change
  • 📚 Documentation
  • 🔧 Refactoring
  • 🔨 Build/CI

Component(s) Affected

  • API / CRDs
  • Controller / Reconcilers
  • Catalog / Workloads
  • CLI (nvcrectl)
  • Helm / Deployment
  • Documentation / CI
  • Other: ____________

Testing

  • Tests pass locally
  • Manual testing completed
  • No breaking changes (or documented)

Checklist

  • Self-review completed
  • Commits are signed off for the DCO (git commit -s)
  • make manifests generate run (if *_types.go was modified)
  • Golden files updated (if integration test output changed)
  • Documentation updated (if needed)
  • Ready for review

Changes

megatron-clone init container (both entries):

  • Take flock -w 1200 on /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.lock before preparing the source. The first pod clones or copies; the others wait, then find $src and reuse it.
  • Stage into a per-pod /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.tmp.$(hostname) and only remove that pod's own staging directory.
  • Rename with mv -T, which refuses to replace a non-empty $src. A pod that loses that race drops its copy and uses the existing one.
  • Bound the clone with timeout 900, below the 1200 s lock wait, so a hung clone cannot hold the lock past the waiters' timeout. Exit 124 is reported as Cloning Megatron-LM timed out after 900s and any other clone failure with its exit status, without printing the repository URL, so a hung clone is not mistaken for a lock problem.
  • Bound the /opt/megatron-lm copy the same way (timeout 900), since it also runs inside the lock; a timeout logs Copying Megatron-LM from the image timed out after 900s and any other failure its exit status.
  • On the branch where mv -T fails and no other pod prepared $src, print mv's own error.

configs/train.sh (both entries):

  • Take the same kind of lock on /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.build.lock before checking for helpers_cpp*.so, and keep the check and the build under it, so only the first pod builds. setuptools copies the built extension into the source tree in 16 KiB chunks, so a check outside the lock could see a partly written library.

Golden files under pkg/catalog/testdata/ and cmd/integration/testdata/ are regenerated; the only diff in them is the rendered script.

Design and trade-offs

Approach Change size Behaviour Why not chosen
Lock file with flock (chosen) A few lines per script One pod prepares, the rest reuse it. Without checkpointing (emptyDir) there is no contention and behaviour is unchanged Depends on the filesystem supporting flock; covered by the fallback below
Per-pod staging directory only Smallest No interference, but every pod clones and builds its own copy on the shared volume Wastes egress and time at N nodes; does not serialize the build
Rank 0 prepares, others wait for a ready marker Large One clone Needs the Job completion index in the init container, a template branch on EnableCheckpoint (with emptyDir the other pods would wait forever), a ready marker, a wait loop and restart handling. Megatron's own rank == 0 plus barrier() pattern does not apply, since the init container runs before torch.distributed exists
Separate initializer replicatedJob that prepares the workspace, with node declaring dependsOn: … status: Complete Largest One clone, no shared-filesystem locking, and the pattern Kubeflow Trainer's own runtimes use (dataset-initializer and model-initializer in manifests/base/runtimes/torchtune) Changes the TrainingRuntime shape the controller relies on: runtime patches target the node replicatedJob, and pod counting, failure attribution and goodput log selection assume trainer pods. It must also exist only with enableCheckpoint, because with emptyDir the trainer pods would not see its output. A better long-term design, but too large for this fix

Fallback and timeouts:

  • Lock wait timeout: flock -w 1200 -E 75 exits 75 when the wait expires. The script then fails the pod with Timed out after 1200s waiting for … instead of hanging, since the init phase is not covered by startupStallTimeoutSeconds.
  • No lock support: any other non-zero flock exit (filesystem without lock support, flock missing from a custom image) logs Locking … failed (exit N); preparing without the lock and continues. For the source, the per-pod staging directory and the no-clobber mv -T still prevent pods from deleting each other's work; each pod may then clone once. The helpers build is not isolated in that case: every pod runs pip install -e . in the shared tree, as on main today. Building the helpers inside the per-pod staging directory before the mv -T would make the source and the library land in one atomic rename and close this, together with a library truncated by a crash mid-copy, but it moves the build into the init container and changes the pre-seeded and /opt/megatron-lm paths, so it is left for a follow-up: [Bug]: nemotron5 helpers build on a shared checkpoint workspace is not isolated when flock fails, and a crash mid-copy leaves a truncated library #559.
  • Lock release: flock locks are advisory, scoped to these two files in the Job's own PVC, and released by the kernel when the holding process exits, including on crash or SIGKILL. If the holder's node dies, CephFS releases the lock when the MDS evicts that client session.

Test plan

  • go test ./pkg/catalog/ and make test-integration with regenerated golden files: pass. Before regeneration only the 4 catalog and 13 integration goldens that embed the script differed; after it, the diff in them is the script alone

  • make ci: pass (make verify clean, golangci-lint 0 issues, build, unit and integration tests)

  • Rendered scripts from this branch, run unchanged in pods on two B300 nodes sharing a CephFS (kernel client) ReadWriteMany PVC:

    • Lock path, both pods started together: one pod cloned and built the helpers; the other waited, logged Using pre-seeded workspace and skipped the build. The workspace held one megatron-lm, one helpers_cpp*.so and the two lock files, no staging directories
    • Simulated lock failure (flock returns 1): both pods logged the lock failure and cloned into their own staging directories at once; one rename won, the other logged Another pod prepared … first; using it and removed its copy. Same final workspace as above
    • Lock held by another pod, wait shortened to 10 s: the waiting pod logged Timed out … waiting for /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.lock and exited 1
    • Clone and rename failure paths (1f5a8df), single pods: a normal clone succeeded; with the clone timeout shortened to 0.1 s the pod logged Cloning Megatron-LM timed out after 900s and exited 1; with a nonexistent repository it logged Cloning Megatron-LM failed (exit 128) and exited 1; with /mnt/workspace/megatron-lm pre-created as a regular file it logged Failed to move … : mv: cannot overwrite non-directory … and exited 1
    • Image copy paths (4564baa), single pods with a test /opt/megatron-lm: a small tree was copied and logged Copied Megatron-LM from image at /opt/megatron-lm; with a 2 GiB file and the timeout shortened to 0.1 s the pod logged Copying Megatron-LM from the image timed out after 900s and exited 1
    • Helpers build with the check under the lock (30aecbe), both pods started together on a fresh PVC: one pod cloned and built; the other reused the workspace, waited on the build lock until the build finished and did not rebuild. The workspace held one helpers_cpp*.so
  • End to end on Kubeflow Trainer v2.2.1 and JobSet v0.11.0: the PVC, ConfigMap, TrainingRuntime and TrainJob rendered by this branch for a two-node nemotron5-8b category with enableCheckpoint: true, applied as-is (names prefixed, pinned to the two nodes) on two B300 nodes sharing a CephFS RWX PVC:

    • Run 1 (TP=1, 20 min): both init containers finished with 0 restarts. One pod cloned (41 s); the other waited 49 s on the lock and logged Using pre-seeded workspace 0.17 s after the clone finished. Only the cloning pod built the helpers. Training ran at 0.53 s/step and ~796 TFLOP/s/GPU over NET/IB, and checkpoints 1000 and 1675 were saved. On v0.8.0 the same category failed in about 6.5 minutes with the init containers clobbering each other.
    • Run 2 on the same PVC: both init containers reused the workspace immediately, neither pod rebuilt the helpers, and Megatron loaded the checkpoint at iteration 1675 before entering the training loop.

Risk assessment

  • Low. The scripts only run inside the training entries' worker pods. Without enableCheckpoint each pod has its own emptyDir, takes an uncontended lock and follows the same steps as before.
  • New dependencies on the image: flock and timeout (util-linux, coreutils). Both are present in nvcr.io/nvidia/pytorch:25.08-py3; a custom image without flock takes the fallback path.
  • Leaves two empty lock files and, after a lock-free race, no stray staging directory in the workspace.

…heckpoint PVC

With enableCheckpoint every pod of a multi-node nemotron5 Job mounts the
same ReadWriteMany PVC as /mnt/workspace. Each megatron-clone init
container removed and cloned into the same .megatron-lm.tmp, so pods
deleted each other's clone until the Job hit its backoff limit, and
train.sh then ran pip install -e in the shared source on every pod.

Take flock on a lock file in the workspace before preparing the source
and before building the helpers, so the first pod does the work and the
rest reuse it. A lock wait past 1200 s fails the pod instead of hanging
it, and the clone is bounded at 900 s. Where flock fails, stage into a
per-pod directory and rename with mv -T, which keeps the first copy, so
pods still never delete each other's work.

Closes NVIDIA#548

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ricox <[email protected]>
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📒 Files selected for processing: 2
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-56b.yaml
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b.yaml

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Walkthrough

The Nemotron 8B and 56B init containers now coordinate Megatron workspace preparation with a shared lock and hostname-specific staging directories. They limit lock waits and source copy or clone operations, and publish staged source without replacing an existing workspace. If another pod has prepared the workspace, an init container reuses it. The training scripts also lock the helper-library check and conditional build or installation.

Priority: Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Possibly related issues

Merge Risk: Moderate · up to 4564b

Training can still fail if workspace locking fails and pods build helpers concurrently. Resolve that case before merging unless the remaining risk is explicitly accepted.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 5
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: serializing Nemotron5 workspace preparation on a shared checkpoint PVC.
Description check Passed The description directly explains the shared-PVC race, locking changes, fallback behavior, timeouts, testing, and related issue.
Linked Issues check Passed Directly linked issue [#548] has three coding requirements for the training/nemotron5-8b and nemotron5-56b entries. No parent or contextual issues apply.

[#548] Objective 1: source preparation mu…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The reviewed changes touch only the megatron-clone init container and the helpers-build step in configs/train.sh, in the nemotron5-8b and nemotron5-56b training entries. Each change maps to [#…
Docstring Coverage Passed Docstring coverage is 100.00% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 2 functions across 2 files. (2 skipped: 2 …
Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Directly linked issue [#548] has three coding requirements for the training/nemotron5-8b and nemotron5-56b entries. No parent or contextual issues apply.

[#548] Objective 1: source preparation must not let pods delete or clobber each other's clone in the shared RWX workspace. Implemented in both megatron-clone init containers. The init container takes flock -w 1200 on /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.lock before source preparation. It stages into the per-pod /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.tmp.$(hostname) and removes only that directory. It renames with mv -T, which does not replace a non-empty $src. A pod that loses the rename discards its copy and reuses the existing $src. A pre-seeded $src is reused. The unconditional shared rm -rf is removed.

[#548] Objective 2: make the clone and image-copy steps race-safe. The clone is bounded by timeout 900, below the 1200 s lock wait. Commit 4564baa bounds the /opt/megatron-lm copy the same way. Both run under the lock, so the holder releases the lock before the waiters' limit. Timeouts and failures end the pod with explicit messages. Other flock failures fall back to per-pod staging with the no-clobber rename, which keeps pods from deleting each other's work.

[#548] Objective 3: guard the shared editable pip install -e . in configs/train.sh. Implemented in both entries. The script takes a lock on /mnt/workspace/.megatron-lm.build.lock. It checks for helpers_cpp*.so and runs the build only under that lock, so only one pod builds. The fallback after a non-timeout lock failure leaves the build unguarded. The issue lists guarded install as one option. The PR documents this limit and defers it to #559.

Evidence limits: the reviewed summaries and PR description show the lock, staging, mv -T, and timeout logic. The summaries do not show the pip install -e . line directly. The two-pod and end-to-end results are author-reported and were not rerun here. Jobs without enableCheckpoint keep per-pod emptyDir workspaces, as the issue requires.

Changes since the previous review: commit 4564baa adds the 900 s bound to the image copy. It supports the existing lock contract and does not change any requirement result.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The reviewed changes touch only the megatron-clone init container and the helpers-build step in configs/train.sh, in the nemotron5-8b and nemotron5-56b training entries. Each change maps to [#548]:

  • flock locks, per-pod staging, and mv -T no-clobber rename serve the race-safety objective.
  • The timeout 900 bounds on clone and image copy keep the lock holder inside the 1200 s waiter limit.
  • Explicit timeout, exit-status, and mv error messages make lock and clone failures distinguishable.
  • The .megatron-lm.build.lock check and build serve the pip install -e . objective.
  • Commit 4564baa bounds the /opt/megatron-lm copy. This is the same lock-held operation as the clone.

Golden files under pkg/catalog/testdata/ and cmd/integration/testdata/ are regenerated. The PR description states that the only golden diff is the rendered script, so these updates follow from the script changes.

The ignored expected.json testdata files were not inspected, as the exclusion rules require. No requirement depends on them. The Design and trade-offs section, the Test plan, and the Risk assessment are documentation, not code changes. No unrelated behavior change appears in the summaries or the PR description.

Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 100.00% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 2 functions across 2 files. (2 skipped: 2 unsupported.)

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh:
- Around line 17-21: In both training scripts, acquire the
`.megatron-lm.build.lock` lock before the first `helpers_built` check, then keep
the readiness check and any `helpers_cpp` build under the lock. Close the lock
descriptor after that flow.

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📒 Files selected for processing: 4
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-56b.yaml
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-56b/configs/train.sh
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b.yaml
  • pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh

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Comment thread pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh Outdated
train.sh tested for helpers_cpp*.so before taking the build lock.
setuptools copies the built extension into the source tree in 16 KiB
chunks, so a pod could see the file while another pod was still writing
it, skip the lock and go on to load an incomplete library. Take the lock
first and keep the check and the build under it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ricox <[email protected]>

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh:
- Around line 28-29: Update the non-timeout failure branch for rc in the
training build flow so it never runs pip install -e . concurrently in the shared
workspace: use a per-pod isolated build fallback in both training scripts, or
fail explicitly when isolation is unavailable.

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  • cmd/integration/testdata/reconcile/certification-aws-h100-n5/expected.json is excluded by !**/testdata/**
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Comment thread pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh
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kaynetu commented Oct 22, 2026

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/ok to test 1cccfce

kaynetu
kaynetu previously approved these changes Oct 22, 2026

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LGTM, approving. This fixes #548: with enableCheckpoint: true, pods sharing the RWX workspace no longer delete each other's checkout, and the helpers build runs once. I ran the init script in concurrent containers on a shared volume, both with the lock and with flock failing, and the affected unit and integration tests pass on this branch.

Two non-blocking notes:

  1. The build fallback isn't isolated (CodeRabbit's open thread on train.sh). When flock fails, every pod still runs pip install -e . in the shared tree, so "lock-free fallback that is still safe" holds for the clone only. It's no worse than main, but please reply on that thread and adjust the description. A possible follow-up: build the helpers inside $tmp before the mv -T, so the source and the library land in one atomic rename. That also covers the truncated-library case you raised and the note below.
  2. A hung clone gets reported as a lock timeout. If the first clone hits timeout 900, the next pod starts its own clone, and pods further back fail at the 1200s wait with a lock error. An explicit message on exit 124 (e.g. Clone timed out after 900s) would point at the real cause.

Minor, take or leave: keep stderr on the mv -T failure branch, and the description should say 4 catalog goldens, not 10.

A clone that hit `timeout 900` exited through `set -e` without a
message, and pods further back then failed at the 1200 s lock wait,
pointing at the lock instead of the clone. Report exit 124 as a clone
timeout and any other clone failure with its exit status, without
printing the repository URL. Keep mv's own error on the branch where
the rename fails and no other pod prepared the source.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ricox <[email protected]>
@Rico00121

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@kaynetu thanks for the review and for testing it. Pushed 1f5a8df with the smaller points:

  • A clone that hits timeout 900 now logs Cloning Megatron-LM timed out after 900s and exits 1, and any other clone failure logs its exit status, still without printing the repository URL. Tested with the timeout shortened to 0.1 s and with a nonexistent repository.
  • The branch where mv -T fails and no other pod prepared $src now prints mv's own error. Tested with /mnt/workspace/megatron-lm pre-created as a regular file.
  • The description now says the lock-free fallback only covers the source preparation, and the golden counts are fixed (4 catalog, 13 integration).

On the build fallback: I replied on the CodeRabbit thread. Building the helpers inside $tmp before the mv -T is the right way to close it, and it would cover the truncated-library case too, but it moves the build into the init container and changes the pre-seeded and /opt/megatron-lm paths, so it is a bigger change than I want to fold into this fix. I'll follow up separately.

make ci passes on the branch.

kaynetu
kaynetu previously approved these changes Oct 23, 2026
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kaynetu commented Oct 23, 2026

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@ndipebot when you squash and merge, please remove "Co-Authored-By: Claude" Trailer.

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kaynetu commented Oct 23, 2026

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/ok to test 1f5a8df

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ndipebot previously approved these changes Oct 23, 2026

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I walked the init script's paths on a shared workspace and could not break it. Every preparation path stages into a per-pod $tmp and publishes with mv -T, a same-filesystem rename(2), so a waiter's [ -d "$src" ] can only ever see a complete tree, with or without the lock. -E 75 applies to -w expiry and not just -n, so the timeout branch is reachable and is not confusable with a missing or unsupported flock. train.sh closes fd 8 with exec 8>&- before exec torchrun, so a trainer does not hold the build lock for the whole run. Both entries got the same block, and the 13 integration and 4 catalog goldens that embed the rendered script are the only ones that moved.

Two small things, neither blocking.

  1. The cp -a /opt/megatron-lm/. branch runs inside the critical section with no time bound, while the sibling clone is bounded at timeout 900 precisely so the holder cannot outlast the waiters' flock -w 1200. Noted inline.

  2. CodeRabbit's train.sh thread is still open: on a non-timeout flock failure every pod runs pip install -e . in the shared tree, and unlike the init container there is no per-pod staging to fall back on. I agree with leaving it out of this fix, since building inside $tmp moves the build into the init container. Have you filed the follow-up yet, covering that and the truncated-library case?

Comment thread pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b.yaml Outdated
Rico00121 and others added 2 commits October 23, 2026 21:48
Resolve the integration goldens that embed the nemotron5 scripts by regenerating them on top of NVIDIA#530.

Signed-off-by: Ricox <[email protected]>
The /opt/megatron-lm copy runs inside the workspace lock with no time
bound, so a slow copy could hold the lock past the waiters' 1200 s
wait. Wrap it in `timeout 900` as the clone is, and report a timeout or
another failure with a clear message.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ricox <[email protected]>
@Rico00121

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@ndipebot thanks for walking the paths. Pushed:

The follow-up for the build is #559: it covers the unisolated pip install -e . when flock fails and the truncated-library case, with building inside $tmp before the mv -T as the suggested fix.

make ci passes on the branch.

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Both things I raised are addressed.

4564baa1 wraps the image copy in timeout 900 in nemotron5-8b.yaml:145 and nemotron5-56b.yaml:145. I diffed lines 105-177 of the two entries and they came back byte-identical, so the two paths cannot drift. I also pulled the rendered script out of pkg/catalog/testdata/source-repo/training-nemotron5-8b-default/expected.json, put stub timeout, cp and mv -T on PATH, and drove the copy past its bound: it printed Copying Megatron-LM from the image timed out after 900s, exited 1, and left $src absent with the partial tree confined to .megatron-lm.tmp.$(hostname). The exit 1 sits above the mv -T, so the timeout path cannot publish a half-written tree. The explicit 124 branch reads better than the bare non-zero check I had in mind.

Golden movement is clean. git grep -l 'Copied Megatron-LM from image' returns 19 files and those are exactly the 19 the commit touches, so nothing embedding the script was left stale. Against the merge base each integration golden moves two strings, the init script and train.sh. The ec5a284f merge kept #530's TOTAL_GPUS={{ $totalGPUs }} on its own line at train.sh:56 next to the new build lock.

One question inline on train.sh, about the build lock rather than the fix. Not holding the PR on it.

#559 matches the scope I agreed to defer. I could not open it from here, so I am taking that from your comment.

Comment thread pkg/catalog/entries/training/nemotron5-8b/configs/train.sh
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/ok-to-test 2ca0822

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ndipebot merged commit cb83652 into NVIDIA:main Oct 25, 2026
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kaynetu added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 26, 2026
Brings in #529, #543, #549 and #555. Their CRD changes landed only in the
crds subchart's copy, so make manifests regenerated the CRDs chart's
files/ to match.

Signed-off-by: Kayne Tu <[email protected]>
@coderabbitai coderabbitai Bot mentioned this pull request Oct 26, 2026
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[Bug]: Multi-node nemotron5 training with enableCheckpoint fails: megatron-clone init containers race on the shared workspace

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