diff --git a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConcurrencyTests.cs b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConcurrencyTests.cs
index bc2beef..d904012 100644
--- a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConcurrencyTests.cs
+++ b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConcurrencyTests.cs
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ public void ConvertType_IsThreadSafe()
             ("String", "string"),
             ("Integer", "int"),
             ("List<String>", "IList<string>"),
-            ("Map<String, Integer>", "Dictionary<string, int>"),
+            ("Map<String, Integer>", "IDictionary<string, int>"),
             ("int[]", "int[]"),
-            ("List<Map<String, Object>>", "IList<Dictionary<string, object>>"),
+            ("List<Map<String, Object>>", "IList<IDictionary<string, object>>"),
         ];
 
         var failures = new System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<string>();
diff --git a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConvertTypeTests.cs b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConvertTypeTests.cs
index c9f56ce..4e52e83 100644
--- a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConvertTypeTests.cs
+++ b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/ConvertTypeTests.cs
@@ -58,6 +58,69 @@ public interface Lemmatizer {
         Assert.Contains("string[] Lemmatize(string[] toks, string[] tags);", parsed);
     }
 
+    [Theory]
+    // Collection interfaces keep their abstraction rather than binding to a concrete type (#134).
+    [InlineData("Map<String, Integer>", "IDictionary<string, int>")]
+    [InlineData("Set<String>", "ISet<string>")]
+    [InlineData("Collection<String>", "ICollection<string>")]
+    [InlineData("Iterable<String>", "IEnumerable<string>")]
+    [InlineData("SortedMap<String, Integer>", "IDictionary<string, int>")]
+    // ...while the concrete java implementations map to instantiable .NET types.
+    [InlineData("HashMap<String, Integer>", "Dictionary<string, int>")]
+    [InlineData("LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>", "Dictionary<string, int>")]
+    [InlineData("TreeMap<String, Integer>", "SortedDictionary<string, int>")]
+    [InlineData("TreeSet<String>", "SortedSet<string>")]
+    [InlineData("LinkedHashSet<String>", "HashSet<string>")]
+    public void ConvertType_Collections(string javaType, string expected)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(expected, TypeHelper.ConvertType(javaType));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("Character", "char")]
+    [InlineData("Double", "double")]
+    [InlineData("Short", "short")]
+    [InlineData("Byte", "sbyte")] // java's byte is signed
+    [InlineData("BigDecimal", "decimal")]
+    [InlineData("StringBuffer", "StringBuilder")]
+    public void ConvertType_SimpleTypes(string javaType, string expected)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(expected, TypeHelper.ConvertType(javaType));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("Throwable", "Exception")]
+    [InlineData("ClassCastException", "InvalidCastException")]
+    [InlineData("NumberFormatException", "FormatException")]
+    [InlineData("IndexOutOfBoundsException", "IndexOutOfRangeException")]
+    [InlineData("ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException", "IndexOutOfRangeException")]
+    [InlineData("NoSuchElementException", "InvalidOperationException")]
+    [InlineData("OutOfMemoryError", "OutOfMemoryException")]
+    public void ConvertType_Exceptions(string javaType, string expected)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(expected, TypeHelper.ConvertType(javaType));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ConvertType_MapDeclaration_AssignedFromHashMap()
+    {
+        const string javaCode = """
+                                import java.util.*;
+
+                                public class Holder {
+                                    private Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+                                }
+                                """;
+        var options = new JavaConversionOptions
+        {
+            IncludeUsings = false,
+            IncludeNamespace = false,
+        };
+        var parsed = JavaToCSharpConverter.ConvertText(javaCode, options) ?? "";
+
+        Assert.Contains("private IDictionary<string, int> counts = new Dictionary<string, int>();", parsed);
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public void ConvertType_GenericSingleParameter()
     {
diff --git a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/IntegrationTests.cs b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/IntegrationTests.cs
index 954079e..b53ea43 100644
--- a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/IntegrationTests.cs
+++ b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/IntegrationTests.cs
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ public void GeneralUnsuccessfulConversionTest(string filePath)
     [InlineData("Resources/ExceptionGetMessage.java")]
     [InlineData("Resources/LongLiterals.java")]
     [InlineData("Resources/MixedArrayRankDeclarations.java")]
+    [InlineData("Resources/CollectionTypeMappings.java")]
     public void FullIntegrationTests(string filePath, bool allowWarnings = false)
         => RunFullIntegrationTest(filePath, allowWarnings);
 
@@ -115,7 +116,11 @@ private void RunFullIntegrationTest(string filePath, bool allowWarnings, bool us
             UseLabeledBreakAndContinue = useLabeledBreakAndContinue,
         };
 
+        // Mirror the CLI's default usings so the compiled sample sees what a real conversion would.
         options.AddUsing("System");
+        options.AddUsing("System.Collections.Generic");
+        options.AddUsing("System.Linq");
+        options.AddUsing("System.Text");
 
         options.WarningEncountered += (_, eventArgs) =>
         {
@@ -251,6 +256,7 @@ private static IEnumerable<MetadataReference> GetMetadataReferencesForBcl()
         {
             yield return MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Private.CoreLib.dll"));
             yield return MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Console.dll"));
+            yield return MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Collections.dll"));
             yield return MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Linq.dll"));
             yield return MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(assemblyPath, "System.Runtime.dll"));
         }
diff --git a/JavaToCSharp.Tests/Resources/CollectionTypeMappings.java b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/Resources/CollectionTypeMappings.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eb64aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/JavaToCSharp.Tests/Resources/CollectionTypeMappings.java
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/// Expect:
+/// - output: "1\n2\nTrue\nTrue\na\n"
+package example;
+
+public class Program {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // A variable declared against the java interface must convert to the .NET interface,
+        // while the concrete implementation it is assigned from must stay instantiable.
+        Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        counts.put("a", 1);
+        System.out.println(counts.get("a"));
+
+        Map<String, Integer> sorted = new TreeMap<String, Integer>();
+        sorted.put("b", 2);
+        System.out.println(sorted.get("b"));
+
+        Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
+        set.add("x");
+        System.out.println(set.contains("x"));
+
+        Set<String> sortedSet = new TreeSet<String>();
+        sortedSet.add("y");
+        System.out.println(sortedSet.contains("y"));
+
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        list.add("a");
+        System.out.println(list.get(0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/JavaToCSharp/TypeHelper.cs b/JavaToCSharp/TypeHelper.cs
index bcaafcf..34b8908 100644
--- a/JavaToCSharp/TypeHelper.cs
+++ b/JavaToCSharp/TypeHelper.cs
@@ -17,37 +17,74 @@ public static class TypeHelper
     // so this must be a concurrent collection to keep parallel conversions safe.
     private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> _typeNameConversions = new()
     {
-        // Simple types
+        // Primitives and their boxed counterparts. Java's boxed types are nullable references while
+        // the C# equivalents are value types, so a null-valued Java variable will need manual review.
         ["boolean"] = "bool",
         ["Boolean"] = "bool",
-        ["ICloseable"] = "IDisposable",
+        ["Byte"] = "sbyte", // java's byte is signed, unlike C#'s
+        ["Character"] = "char",
+        ["Double"] = "double",
+        ["Float"] = "float",
         ["Integer"] = "int",
         ["Long"] = "long",
-        ["Float"] = "float",
-        ["String"] = "string",
-        ["Object"] = "object",
-        ["AutoCloseable"] = "IDisposable",
+        ["Short"] = "short",
 
-        // Generic types
-        ["ArrayList"] = "List",
-        ["List"] = "IList",
-        ["Map"] = "Dictionary",
-        ["Set"] = "HashSet",
+        // Other simple types
+        ["AutoCloseable"] = "IDisposable",
+        ["BigDecimal"] = "decimal",
+        ["Closeable"] = "IDisposable",
+        ["ICloseable"] = "IDisposable",
+        ["Object"] = "object",
+        ["String"] = "string",
+        ["StringBuffer"] = "StringBuilder",
+
+        // Collection interfaces map to the .NET interfaces so that variables declared against an
+        // abstraction stay abstract; the concrete java implementations below supply the `new` types.
+        ["Collection"] = "ICollection",
+        ["Comparable"] = "IComparable",
+        ["Comparator"] = "IComparer",
+        ["Iterable"] = "IEnumerable",
         ["Iterator"] = "IEnumerator",
+        ["List"] = "IList",
+        ["Map"] = "IDictionary",
+        ["NavigableMap"] = "IDictionary",
+        ["NavigableSet"] = "ISet",
+        ["Set"] = "ISet",
+        ["SortedMap"] = "IDictionary",
+        ["SortedSet"] = "ISet",
+
+        // Concrete collection implementations. These are what `new Foo<>()` expressions resolve to,
+        // so they must name instantiable .NET types rather than interfaces.
+        ["ArrayList"] = "List",
+        ["HashMap"] = "Dictionary",
+        ["LinkedHashMap"] = "Dictionary",
+        ["LinkedHashSet"] = "HashSet",
+        ["TreeMap"] = "SortedDictionary",
+        ["TreeSet"] = "SortedSet",
 
         // Exceptions
+        ["AccessDeniedException"] = "UnauthorizedAccessException",
         ["AlreadyClosedException"] = "ObjectDisposedException",
+        ["ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"] = "IndexOutOfRangeException",
+        ["AssertionError"] = "InvalidOperationException",
+        ["ClassCastException"] = "InvalidCastException",
+        ["CloneNotSupportedException"] = "NotSupportedException",
+        ["EOFException"] = "EndOfStreamException",
         ["Error"] = "Exception",
         ["IllegalArgumentException"] = "ArgumentException",
         ["IllegalStateException"] = "InvalidOperationException",
-        ["UnsupportedOperationException"] = "NotSupportedException",
-        ["RuntimeException"] = "Exception",
-        ["AccessDeniedException"] = "UnauthorizedAccessException",
-        ["AssertionError"] = "InvalidOperationException",
+        ["IndexOutOfBoundsException"] = "IndexOutOfRangeException",
+        ["InterruptedException"] = "OperationCanceledException",
+        ["NoSuchElementException"] = "InvalidOperationException",
+        ["NoSuchFileException"] = "FileNotFoundException",
         ["NullPointerException"] = "NullReferenceException",
+        ["NumberFormatException"] = "FormatException",
+        ["OutOfMemoryError"] = "OutOfMemoryException",
+        ["RuntimeException"] = "Exception",
+        ["StackOverflowError"] = "StackOverflowException",
+        ["Throwable"] = "Exception",
         ["UncheckedIOException"] = "IOException",
-        ["EOFException"] = "EndOfStreamException",
-        ["NoSuchFileException"] = "FileNotFoundException",
+        ["UnsupportedOperationException"] = "NotSupportedException",
     };
 
     public static void AddOrUpdateTypeNameConversions(string key, string value)
@@ -293,6 +330,9 @@ public static bool TryTransformMethodCall(ConversionContext context, MethodCallE
                     return true;
                 }
 
+                // Java's put returns the previous value, which an index assignment discards. That
+                // matches the existing handling of List.set, whose return value is dropped too.
+                case "put" when args.size() == 2:
                 case "set" when args.size() == 2:
                 {
                     var scopeSyntaxSet = ExpressionVisitor.VisitExpression(context, scope);