diff --git a/tenacity/__init__.py b/tenacity/__init__.py
index 6b591464..c179d10d 100644
--- a/tenacity/__init__.py
+++ b/tenacity/__init__.py
@@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ def copy(
         retry: retry_base | object = _unset,
         before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] | object = _unset,
         after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] | object = _unset,
-        before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] | None | object = _unset,
+        before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None] | object | None = _unset,
         reraise: bool | object = _unset,
         retry_error_cls: type[RetryError] | object = _unset,
         retry_error_callback: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any]
-        | None
-        | object = _unset,
-        name: str | None | object = _unset,
+        | object
+        | None = _unset,
+        name: str | object | None = _unset,
         enabled: bool | object = _unset,
     ) -> "Self":
         """Copy this object with some parameters changed if needed."""
@@ -701,9 +701,9 @@ def retry(
     stop: "StopBaseT" = ...,
     wait: "WaitBaseT" = ...,
     retry: "RetryBaseT | tasyncio.retry.RetryBaseT" = ...,
-    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] = ...,
-    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] = ...,
-    before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] | None = ...,
+    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] = ...,
+    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] = ...,
+    before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] | None = ...,
     reraise: bool = ...,
     retry_error_cls: type["RetryError"] = ...,
     retry_error_callback: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Any | t.Awaitable[t.Any]]
@@ -718,9 +718,9 @@ def retry(
     stop: "StopBaseT" = stop_never,
     wait: "WaitBaseT" = wait_none(),
     retry: "RetryBaseT | tasyncio.retry.RetryBaseT" = retry_if_exception_type(),
-    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] = before_nothing,
-    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] = after_nothing,
-    before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]]
+    before: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] = before_nothing,
+    after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] = after_nothing,
+    before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None]
     | None = None,
     reraise: bool = False,
     retry_error_cls: type["RetryError"] = RetryError,
diff --git a/tenacity/asyncio/__init__.py b/tenacity/asyncio/__init__.py
index a20edc2f..6291b02f 100644
--- a/tenacity/asyncio/__init__.py
+++ b/tenacity/asyncio/__init__.py
@@ -75,16 +75,16 @@ class AsyncRetrying(BaseRetrying):
     def __init__(
         self,
         sleep: t.Callable[
-            [int | float], None | t.Awaitable[None]
+            [int | float], t.Awaitable[None] | None
         ] = _portable_async_sleep,
         stop: "StopBaseT" = tenacity.stop.stop_never,
         wait: "WaitBaseT" = tenacity.wait.wait_none(),
         retry: "SyncRetryBaseT | RetryBaseT" = tenacity.retry_if_exception_type(),
         before: t.Callable[
-            ["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]
+            ["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None
         ] = before_nothing,
-        after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]] = after_nothing,
-        before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None | t.Awaitable[None]]
+        after: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None] = after_nothing,
+        before_sleep: t.Callable[["RetryCallState"], t.Awaitable[None] | None]
         | None = None,
         reraise: bool = False,
         retry_error_cls: type["RetryError"] = RetryError,
diff --git a/tenacity/retry.py b/tenacity/retry.py
index e59f4c0a..24180665 100644
--- a/tenacity/retry.py
+++ b/tenacity/retry.py
@@ -114,8 +114,31 @@ def _check(self, e: BaseException) -> bool:
         return isinstance(e, self.exception_types)
 
 
+def _is_control_flow_exception(e: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Return True for exceptions that must never trigger a retry.
+
+    Task cancellation (``asyncio.CancelledError``), keyboard interrupt, and
+    interpreter exit are control-flow signals — not transient failures.
+    ``CancelledError`` is a bare ``BaseException`` on Python 3.9+; treating it
+    like a normal error breaks ``asyncio.wait_for`` / ``asyncio.timeout``
+    (see #529).
+    """
+    if isinstance(e, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, GeneratorExit)):
+        return True
+    try:
+        import asyncio
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        return False
+    return isinstance(e, asyncio.CancelledError)
+
+
 class retry_if_not_exception_type(retry_if_exception):
-    """Retries except an exception has been raised of one or more types."""
+    """Retries except an exception has been raised of one or more types.
+
+    Control-flow exceptions (``CancelledError``, ``KeyboardInterrupt``,
+    ``SystemExit``, ``GeneratorExit``) are never retried, even when they are
+    not listed in ``exception_types``.
+    """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -126,6 +149,8 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(self._check)
 
     def _check(self, e: BaseException) -> bool:
+        if _is_control_flow_exception(e):
+            return False
         return not isinstance(e, self.exception_types)
 
 
@@ -141,6 +166,8 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(self._check)
 
     def _check(self, e: BaseException) -> bool:
+        if _is_control_flow_exception(e):
+            return False
         return not isinstance(e, self.exception_types)
 
     def __call__(self, retry_state: "RetryCallState") -> bool:
@@ -221,7 +248,7 @@ class retry_if_exception_message(retry_if_exception):
     def __init__(
         self,
         message: str | None = None,
-        match: None | str | re.Pattern[str] = None,
+        match: str | re.Pattern[str] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if message is not None and match is not None:
             raise TypeError(
diff --git a/tests/test_asyncio.py b/tests/test_asyncio.py
index 96560b07..10e7e072 100644
--- a/tests/test_asyncio.py
+++ b/tests/test_asyncio.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     RetryError,
     retry,
     retry_if_exception,
+    retry_if_not_exception_type,
     retry_if_result,
     stop_after_attempt,
 )
@@ -83,6 +84,62 @@ async def test_retry(self) -> None:
         await _retryable_coroutine(thing)
         assert thing.counter == thing.count
 
+    @asynctest
+    async def test_wait_for_not_retried_with_retry_if_not_exception_type(self) -> None:
+        """CancelledError must propagate under retry_if_not_exception_type (#529).
+
+        Default retry only retries ``Exception`` subclasses, so cancellation
+        already works. The bug is specific to ``retry_if_not_exception_type``,
+        which treated *any* non-listed exception — including CancelledError —
+        as retryable, breaking ``asyncio.wait_for``.
+        """
+        attempts = 0
+
+        @retry(
+            wait=wait_fixed(0.01),
+            stop=stop_after_attempt(5),
+            reraise=True,
+            retry=retry_if_not_exception_type(ValueError),
+        )
+        async def sleepy() -> None:
+            nonlocal attempts
+            attempts += 1
+            await asyncio.sleep(10)
+
+        # On 3.11+ wait_for raises TimeoutError after cancelling the task.
+        # The critical assertion is attempts==1 (no retry of cancellation).
+        with self.assertRaises((asyncio.TimeoutError, asyncio.CancelledError)):
+            await asyncio.wait_for(sleepy(), timeout=0.05)
+
+        # One attempt only — cancellation must not be retried.
+        self.assertEqual(attempts, 1)
+
+    @asynctest
+    async def test_cancelled_error_not_retried_even_if_listed_as_exception(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Even if someone passes BaseException broadly, cancel still wins.
+
+        ``retry_if_not_exception_type`` excludes control-flow exceptions
+        before applying the user type filter.
+        """
+        attempts = 0
+
+        @retry(
+            wait=wait_fixed(0.01),
+            stop=stop_after_attempt(5),
+            reraise=True,
+            retry=retry_if_not_exception_type(RuntimeError),
+        )
+        async def sleepy() -> None:
+            nonlocal attempts
+            attempts += 1
+            raise asyncio.CancelledError
+
+        with self.assertRaises(asyncio.CancelledError):
+            await sleepy()
+        self.assertEqual(attempts, 1)
+
     @asynctest
     async def test_iscoroutinefunction(self) -> None:
         assert asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(_retryable_coroutine)
diff --git a/tests/test_tenacity.py b/tests/test_tenacity.py
index ba44b0c8..a1a9bfed 100644
--- a/tests/test_tenacity.py
+++ b/tests/test_tenacity.py
@@ -1390,6 +1390,24 @@ def test_retry_if_exception_message(self) -> None:
             print(_retryable_test_if_exception_message_message.statistics)
             self.fail("CustomError should've been retried from errormessage")
 
+    def test_retry_if_not_exception_type_skips_control_flow(self) -> None:
+        """BaseException control-flow must not be retried (#529)."""
+        calls = {"n": 0}
+
+        def boom() -> None:
+            calls["n"] += 1
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+        r = tenacity.Retrying(
+            wait=tenacity.wait_fixed(0),
+            stop=tenacity.stop_after_attempt(3),
+            reraise=True,
+            retry=tenacity.retry_if_not_exception_type(ValueError),
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyboardInterrupt):
+            r(boom)
+        self.assertEqual(calls["n"], 1)
+
     def test_retry_if_not_exception_message(self) -> None:
         try:
             self.assertTrue(