notes.txt

Notes for setting up a RPi 3B with RetroPie 4.7.1 & a PI2SCART hat



RetroPie Download
https://github.com/RetroPie/RetroPie-Setup/releases/download/4.7.1/retropie-buster-4.7.1-rpi2_3.img.gz



Backup / write SD card on OS X

diskutil list # figure out device
sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk3 of=rpi_retropie471_pi2scart_backup.img bs=1m

raw disk (rdisk) and 1MB block size for major speed improvement.
CTRL+T for progress. Unmount boot in diskutil first.

How to mount a disk image under Linux in case some files need to be retrieved from it
https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/a/13138
fdisk -l whatever.img
mount -v -r -o offset=272629760 -t ext4 whatever.img /mnt/img/two
(offset is start * sector size)



SSH setup

Put 'ssh' file in boot partition to enable SSH headless
default user: pi, password: raspberry
Put public key (~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys to enable key based auth
Also see https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/



/boot/config.txt Settings for PI2SCART

# pi2scart
disable_audio_dither=1
dtparam=audio=on
dtoverlay=vga666
enable_dpi_lcd=1
display_default_lcd=1
dpi_group=2
dpi_mode=87
#standard
#hdmi_timings=320 1 16 30 34 240 1 2 3 22 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1 #240p
#centered
hdmi_timings=320 1 11 30 39 240 1 7 3 17 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1 #240p
#320-high-res
#hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 240 1 3 7 12 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1
disable_overscan=1

https://github.com/crtpi/CRTPi-RGB/blob/master/RGB-to_boot/config.txt
http://pi2jamma.info/pi2scart#installation
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/dpi/README.md



Overclocking

Helps a lot with arcade games etc. pushing the limits of the Pi hardware and reduces
stuttering, audio glitches and enables lag reduction features such as run-ahead to be
enabled. Only CPU/RAM overclocking, GPU has little impact on most emulators.

arm_freq=1400
#gpu_freq=500
sdram_freq=500
sdram_schmoo=0x02000020
over_voltage=4
over_voltage_sdram=4

Increment CPU frequency in 50Mhz steps, check stability under full load. CPU might
throttle, but system should not crash. In case of kernel panics or full crashes, try
increasing voltage. Keep monitoring temperature, CPU frequency & throttling bits to see if
the overclock was successful.

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/overclocking.md
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Overclocking/
https://elinux.org/RPiconfig#Overclock_stability_test
https://linux.die.net/man/8/memtester



CPU Governor

The CPU governor determines the throttling behavior of the CPU. Setting it to performance
mode can improve emulation performance in some circumstances.

Determine current setting:
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

Switch setting:
echo "ondemand" | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
echo "performance" | sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

Instruct RetroPie's runcommand script to change to a specific setting when retroarch is
running ad later restore it to whatever was the default:

sudo ~/RetroPie-Setup/retropie_setup.sh
Configuration / tools->runcommand->CPU configuration

https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Runcommand/#configuring-runcommand

RetroPie governor settings are stored here:
/opt/retropie/configs/all/runcommand.cfg 



Increase USB polling rate for reduced controller latency

Add usbhid.jspoll=1 at end of line in /boot/cmdline.txt
Verify after reboot with 'cat /sys/module/usbhid/parameters/jspoll'
Seems to cause double button presses in ES with my 8BitDo SFC30, also rarely with the
RaphNet Neo Geo adapter. Works fine with the Mayflash SS adapter, though

See also:
https://retropie.org.uk/forum/topic/24207/overclock-usb-controller-polling-rate
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/571137/how-to-change-poll-rate-of-usb-gamepad-drum-controller



CRT 240p Scale Shader

One-stop, no-tweaking solution for all your 240p CRT output needs

https://github.com/blitzcode/crt-240p-scale-shader



Configure USB Sound Card

.asoundrc
---------
pcm.!default {
  type asym
  playback.pcm {
    type plug
    slave.pcm "output"
  }
  capture.pcm {
    type plug
    slave.pcm "input"
  }
}
pcm.output {
  type hw
  card 1
}
ctl.!default {
  type hw
  card 1
}

card 0 == most likely the build-in audio, card 1 == most likely USB sound card

[~] cat /proc/asound/modules
 0 snd_bcm2835
 1 snd_usb_audio

Can be permanently configured in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
options snd_usb_audio index=0
options snd_bcm2835 index=1
options snd slots=snd-usb-audio,snd-bcm2835

Configuration Files
~/.asoundrc
/usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf
/etc/asound.conf
/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

Documentation
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture
https://sudomod.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=144
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Sound-Issues/#using-a-usb-audio-device



Enable WiFi, Expand SD card FS, time zone, etc.
sudo raspi-config



Disable WiFi

To remove SSID/passphrase, edit here:
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

To fully disable WiFi, add 'dtoverlay=disable-wifi' to config.txt



General Linux setup tasks

# Put in .profile
export PS1="\[$(tput rev)\][\w]\[$(tput sgr0)\] "
alias ll='ls -FAlGh'
alias es=emulationstation

sudo apt-get install tree

wget -O ~/.vimrc http://www.blitzcode.net/files/vimrc



Force filesystem check on startup
Add 'fsck.mode=force' to '/boot/cmdline.txt'



ES Audio Setup (for headphone jack into PI2SCART)

adjust volume with 'alsamixer', can be launched from ES->RetroPie->AUDIO->Mixer

To silence error messages about 'failed to find mixer elements' and such when launching
games, go into ES Sound Settings and set AUDIO CARD to HW and AUDIO DEVICE to HEADPHONE



Fix 'locale' warnings / errors that crop up in multiple places

[~] locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
...

1. Use raspi-config to set locale to 'en_US.UTF-8'
2. https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/a/81765
   Change /etc/default/locale to include these three lines:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8
  


Copy relevant BIOS files
    
Folder ~/RetroPie/BIOS
  syscard3.pce  PCE CD
  disksys.rom   FDS
  SCPH1001.BIN  PS1
  bios_CD_U.bin Sega CD
See each system under (https://retropie.org.uk/docs/PC-Engine/ etc.) for which BIOS files
are required

Downloads:
http://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Emulator_Files
https://archive.org/search.php?query=retropie+bios



Neo Geo Universe BIOS

Make sure the neogeo.zip BIOS file is present in ROM folder (~/RetroPie/roms/neogeo)
Quick Menu->Options->Neo-Geo Mode->Use UNIBIOS bios
When game boots press ABC (YBA on Retro Pad) at the Universe BIOS Splash screen
Select region and AES (home) / MVS (arcade) mode
  Home versions often have additonal content / features / options
  Region influences text language and blood etc.
Press ABC (YBA on Retro Pad) + Start for Universe BIOS in-game menu with cheats

Be sure to have Quick Menu->Options->[Dipswitch] Autofire->Off
Having it on can cause all kinds of input issues

Install latest Universe BIOS into neogeo.zip
  Download from http://unibios.free.fr/download.html
  Name ROM file appropiately, i.e. 'uni-bios_4_0.rom'
  Add to neogeo.zip file
  FBN core will automatically pick the latest version 

https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Neo-Geo/#bios
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/lr-fbneo/#neo-geo-unibios



Wonder Swan
Need to use RetroPie Setup to install the optional lr-beetle-wswan emulator core
Note: Use Select button to rotate screen



ROM Sets

Collection with download links
http://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/ROM_%26_ISO_Sites

Use wget to download so downloads can be resumed
Copy large romsets over to the RPi with rsync instead of scp, faster and no filename limit

Arcade ROM Sets (https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Arcade/)

lr-mame2003
https://archive.org/details/MAME2003_Reference_Set_MAME0.78_ROMs_CHDs_Samples
(ZIP Archive download had some issues unzipping, but ROMs seemed fine)
~/RetroPie/roms/mame-libretro/

lr-fbneo
https://archive.org/details/2020_01_06_fbn
~/RetroPie/roms/fba/

NeoGeo with FBN
https://archive.org/details/NeoGeoRomCollectionByGhostware
~/RetroPie/neogeo/



Save storage space with the compressed CHD format for CD-ROM images

Several CD based RetroArch cores support MAME's CHD format, providing significant space
savings over uncompressed CUE/BIN/ISO files.

# Install 'chdman' tool
sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends mame-tools
# Flatten folder hierachy (game1/game1.cue -> game1.cue)
find . -mindepth 2 -type f -exec mv -i '{}' . ';'
# Delete empty folders
find . -type d -exec rm -ri '{}' ';'
# At this point verify that CUE files reference the correct .bin/.iso files, case sensitive!
# Compress all disc images in a folder
for i in *.cue; do chdman createcd -i "$i" -o "${i%.*}.chd"; done

Also see: https://retropie.org.uk/docs/CHD-files/



Install an ES theme more readable in 240p

sudo ~/RetroPie-Setup/retropie_setup.sh
Configuration / tools->esthemes->Install

Themes are stored in /etc/emulationstation/themes/. Some themes have options / need to be
configured, have a look at the .xml and or ReadMe. In ES, press Start, then UI SETTINGS->
THEME SET to select theme. Alternatively, the default 'Carbon' theme can be made more
readable by using a better font. Replace
'/etc/emulationstation/themes/carbon/art/Cabin-Bold.ttf' with an alternative, such as this
one from the 240p-honey theme:
https://github.com/PietDAmore/240p-Theme/blob/master/240p%20Honey/_inc/fonts/pixelmix.ttf



Add 'Last Played' section to ES
MAIN MENU->GAME COLLECTION SETTINGS->AUTOMATIC GAME COLLECTIONS->LAST PLAYED->[X]



Setup separate PC-Engine CD and SuperGrafx systems

By default ES groups CD and SG games with the normal PCE games. This is inconsistent since
the 32X and Sega CD games are not grouped with the Mega Drive.

Simply add the following systems to /etc/emulationstation/es_systems.cfg;

  <system>
    <name>pcengine</name>
    <fullname>PC Engine CD-Rom2</fullname>
    <path>/home/pi/RetroPie/roms/pce-cd</path>
    <extension>.7z .pce .ccd .chd .cue .zip .7Z .PCE .CCD .CHD .CUE .ZIP</extension>
    <command>/opt/retropie/supplementary/runcommand/runcommand.sh 0 _SYS_ pcengine %ROM%</command>
    <platform>pcengine</platform>
    <theme>pce-cd</theme>
  </system>
  <system>
    <name>pcengine</name>
    <fullname>SuperGrafx</fullname>
    <path>/home/pi/RetroPie/roms/supergrafx</path>
    <extension>.7z .pce .ccd .chd .cue .zip .7Z .PCE .CCD .CHD .CUE .ZIP</extension>
    <command>/opt/retropie/supplementary/runcommand/runcommand.sh 0 _SYS_ pcengine %ROM%</command>
    <platform>pcengine</platform>
    <theme>supergrafx</theme>
  </system>



Change emulator per-rom (for instance, SuperGrafx roms need to be launched with lr-beetle-supergrafx)
Follow 'Press a button to configure' prompt on emulator startup
Gets stored to /opt/retropie/configs/all/emulators.cfg



When an emulator freezes
killall retroarch
Might need to be done twice, returns to ES afterwards



Debug failed emulator launch

'cat /dev/shm/runcommand.log' to see the last run command line for launching an emulator
Run the command line again with an extra '--verbose' option



Keep RGUI aspect ratio sane when running with unusual resolution and emu aspects
https://retropie.org.uk/forum/post/190266
Settings->User Interface->Appearance->Lock Menu Aspect Ratio->Stretch



Fix unreadable pop-up notifications (Save states, errors, etc.) from RetroArch

Settings->On-Screen Display->On-Screen Notifications->
  Auto Scale Graphics Widgets->Off
  Graphics Widgets Scale Override (Windowed)->2.0x



Set autosave interval

By default RetroArch does not actually write SRAM saves to disk until the core exists.
Any core / system crash erases all saved progress.

Settings->Saving->SaveRAM Autosave Interval-><seconds>

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/RetroArch#Enabling_SaveRAM_Autosave_Interval
 

  
Latency RetroArch Options

Monitor retroarch core with htop to see if pushing things too hard. Also
Settings->On Screen Display->On-Screen Notifications->Display Framerate
to see if it holds steady

Quick Menu->Latency
---
Max swapchain images - 2
Frame Delay - Increase if there's frame time time left, <50% load means ~7ms should be OK, etc.
Audio Latency - 48ms (seems to work basically everywhere, can try less)
Run-Ahead - ON (if system can handle it, 1 frame is always safe, more depends on game)

Settings->Video->Threaded Video->Off

Experiment to find best options for each core / game. Sometimes it is worth turning
threaded video on to get some extra performance which can be spend on run ahead, etc.

More info:
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Input-Lag/
https://docs.libretro.com/guides/latency/

MiSTer Controller Latency Table
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1KlRObr3Be4zLch7Zyqg6qCJzGuhyGmXaOIUrpfncXIM/edit#gid=0



Monitor SoC temp, CPU/MEM load, system throttling status, CPU frequency, etc.

watch 'uname -a && echo && top -b | head -n 12 && echo && vcgencmd measure_temp && vcgencmd get_throttled && vcgencmd measure_clock arm && { vcgencmd get_config arm_freq && vcgencmd get_config sdram_freq && vcgencmd get_config gpu_freq; } | tr "\n" " " && echo && cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor && vcgencmd hdmi_timings && vcgencmd measure_clock dpi && echo && dmesg -T | tail -n 10 && echo && cat /var/log/syslog | grep -v rngd | tail -n 10 && echo && df -h | head -n 2 && echo && cat /dev/shm/runcommand.info && echo && cat /dev/shm/runcommand.log'



Setting up Turbo Fire

Relevant settings
Settings->Input->Turbo Mode->Classic|Single Button
Settings->Input->Turbo Default Button->...
Settings->Input->Port N Binds->Turbo->...

The turbo fire options in RetroArch are confusing and undocumented. There are basically
three different ways of setting up turbo fire:

1. 'Classic' + binding spare button as turbo button
Press and hold any button(s) you want to turbo fire. Now tap the assigned turbo button.
Held down buttons will now turbo fire till they are released. After release they revert to
normal operation. Flexible, but annoying due to having to tap the turbo button again to
restore turbo fire every time you stop firing.

2. 'Classic' + binding game button as turbo button
Now the button simultaneously used by the game and as the turbo button will go into turbo
fire automatically. Downside is this only works for one button and you can no longer hold
the button for a charge shot etc.

3. 'Single Button'
Assign an unused button as the turbo button and set the button you want to turbo fire in
'Turbo Default Button'. When you now hit the turbo button whatever button is assigned as
default button will now turbo fire without you having to press it at all, but you can
still hold it. Hit the turbo button again to turn off turbo fire.

There is no option in general to assign a separate turbo fire button an existing button,
but some cores like the NES one have turbo button assignments.

For Neo Geo games be sure to have Quick Menu->Options->[Dipswitch] Autofire->Off
Having it on can cause all kinds of input issues

Bonus Tip: In many Cave games you can hold Start to configure turbo fire, otherwise turn
the Test Mode DIP switch on in the emulator options and configure it there



Setting a more authentic looking color palette for the NES emulator
Quick Menu->Options->Color Palette->composite-direct-fbx



Some sensible global defaults for RetroArch emulator settings

/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg

rgui_aspect_ratio_lock = "3"
menu_widget_scale_auto = "false"
menu_widget_scale_factor_windowed = "2.000000"
menu_show_advanced_settings = "true"
video_threaded = "false"
video_max_swapchain_images = "2"
video_smooth = "true"
video_scale_integer = "true"
# 23 = Custom, 22 = Core provided, 21 = 1:1 PAR, 20 = Config, 0 = 4:3
aspect_ratio_index = "22"
run_ahead_enabled = "true"
run_ahead_frames = "1"
video_frame_delay = "0"
audio_latency = "48"
autosave_interval = "180"



RetroPie config files to edit
/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg
/opt/retropie/configs/<system name>/retroarch.cfg
/etc/emulationstation/es_systems.cfg



How EmulationStation is autolaunched (can also add one-time display config here)
/etc/profile.d/10-retropie.sh
(launched from /etc/profile)



Configuration Hierarchy

The individual per-system configuration files (/opt/retropie/configs/<system name>/retroarch.cfg)
include the global one (/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch.cfg) at the bottom. In a RA
config file the first value given to a parameter binds it, so it can't be overridden
later. Unfortunately, saving the saving the configuration from RGUI
(Settings->Configuration File->Save Current Configuration) writes all settings to the
per-system configuration, new values from the global one will no longer be picked up. The
configuration editor (https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Configuration-Editor/) is more
selective.

There is also a per-core setting system (vs per-system, note the difference between
systems as setup by RetroPie/ES and cores, the actual RA emulator cores):
/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch/config/<core name>
Core overrides (Save Core Override) configurations are stored here
This is also where per-core shader configuration (.glslp) are stored.

The per-game setting system works by having a .cfg file with the ROM name in the same
folder, i.e.
~/RetroPie/roms/nes/Super Mario Bros. (World).nes.cfg
Per-game settings can also be stored in the core's config folder, i.e.
/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch/config/nes/

Settings->Quick Menu->Options are emulator specific options stored per-rom, they are all
stored in a single file:
/opt/retropie/configs/all/retroarch-core-options.cfg

Also see this full guide:
https://retropie.org.uk/forum/topic/22816/guide-retroarch-system-emulator-core-and-rom-config-files

    
    
Settings->Video->Scaling Menu

PAR = Pixel Aspect Ratio
DAR = Display Aspect Ratio

List of arcade game resolutions:
https://github.com/crtpi/CRTPi-RGB/blob/master/RGB-to_opt/retropie/configs/all/resolution.ini

Some thoughts on the subject from FirebrandX:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2owtAwcysQI



HDMI Timings / Resolution

https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/video.md

This allows setting of raw HDMI timing values for a custom mode, selected using hdmi_group=2 and hdmi_mode=87.

hdmi_timings=<h_active_pixels> <h_sync_polarity> <h_front_porch> <h_sync_pulse> <h_back_porch> <v_active_lines> <v_sync_polarity> <v_front_porch> <v_sync_pulse> <v_back_porch> <v_sync_offset_a> <v_sync_offset_b> <pixel_rep> <frame_rate> <interlaced> <pixel_freq> <aspect_ratio>

<h_active_pixels> = horizontal pixels (width)  
<h_sync_polarity> = invert hsync polarity  
<h_front_porch>   = horizontal forward padding from DE acitve edge  
<h_sync_pulse>    = hsync pulse width in pixel clocks  
<h_back_porch>    = vertical back padding from DE active edge  
<v_active_lines>  = vertical pixels height (lines)  
<v_sync_polarity> = invert vsync polarity  
<v_front_porch>   = vertical forward padding from DE active edge  
<v_sync_pulse>    = vsync pulse width in pixel clocks  
<v_back_porch>    = vertical back padding from DE active edge  
<v_sync_offset_a> = leave at zero  
<v_sync_offset_b> = leave at zero  
<pixel_rep>       = leave at zero  
<frame_rate>      = screen refresh rate in Hz  
<interlaced>      = leave at zero  
<pixel_freq>      = clock frequency (width*height*framerate)  
<aspect_ratio>    = *  

Explanations of pixel clock / timing variables
https://easymamecab.mameworld.info/html/monitor9.php
https://github.com/Sir-Ironic/RPi-Hdmi_Timings/blob/master/CRT_Open_Screen.py

Adjust horizontal / vertical shift with timings
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/comments/g3c98h/crtpiproject_presents_adjusting_hv_position_with/

To set after boot outside of config.txt, use vgencmd
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/raspbian/applications/vcgencmd.md
Example:
vcgencmd hdmi_timings 320 1 16 30 34 240 1 2 3 22 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
tvservice -e "DMT 87"
fbset -depth 8 && fbset -depth 16 -xres 320 -yres 240

Strange bug (config.txt vs vgencmd timings):
https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=298858
(Workaround is running on-end RA script once on startup, ignore config.txt settings)

Also see 'fbset' (no official documentation?) & 'tvservice'
https://www.google.com/search?q=raspberry+pi+fbset+tvservice
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/hdmi-config.md

CRT Super Resolution

The idea behind resolutions like 1920x240 is that it allows quality scaling for a range of
horizontal resolutions used by different systems. Vertical resolution mismatches like 224
or 192 lines in a 240 output are resolved by centering, but horizontal resolution
mismatches have to be resolved by stretching / scaling. Stretching 256 to 320 pixels will
always look bad, but 352/320/256 pixels can be quite easily stretched to 1920 or 2048
pixels with minimal scaling artifacts, invisible on a typical consumer CRT display. Since
CRTs do not have a fixed horizontal resolution or any hard upper limit it is possible to
drive even standard definition TVs with 1920, 2048, 3840 etc. horizontal pixels.
Unfortunately, this means our output display will have a non-square pixel aspect ratio,
something RA is not specifically equipped to handle. We'll need to use the 'custom'
scaling mode and do all of the aspect ratio and centering computation ourselves.

Rpi3B is quite limited in the pixel clocks it can generate:
https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/734

Timings working nicely for me:
vcgencmd hdmi_timings 320 1 11 30 38 240 1 8 3 16 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
vcgencmd hdmi_timings 1920 1 79  208 241 240 1 6 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1
One basic resolution for ES, another super resolution for games. Porches have been
adjusted for a centered image on my Sony X5. Depends on the service menu settings, of
course. Those two timings also have similar width, so if you adjust size for one, it'll be
correct for the other.



List of RPi3 supported HDMI timings

From https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/734

** 60Hz Timings **
hdmi_timings 960 1 24 96 120 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 19200000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1

** 50Hz Timings ** Up to 256p
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 302 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 50 0 38400000 1
hdmi_timings 960 1 24 96 120 302 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 50 0 19200000 1

** 55Hz Timings ** Up to 256p
hdmi_timings 1888 1 48 184 232 278 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 55 0 38400000 1
hdmi_timings 944 1 24 88 112 280 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 55 0 19200000 1

** Amiga **
hdmi_timings 968 1 24 96 120 288 1 10 10 10 0 0 0 50 0 19200000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 140 200 260 256 1 18 10 29 0 0 0 50 0 39400000 1

EMULATIONSTATION
hdmi_timings 450 1 50 30 85 288 1 10 1 25 0 0 0 60 0 9600000 1

NEOGEO
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 224 1 13 8 19 0 0 0 59.186 0 40610000 1

PCENGINE
hdmi_timings 1920 1 158 250 286 232 1 4 3 23 0 0 0 59.94 0 41060000 1

PLAYSTATION
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 240 1 1 7 14 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 132 247 280 288 1 3 3 18 0 0 0 50 0 40240000 1

MEGADRIVE/GENESIS/MASTER SYSTEM
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 288 1 6 3 16 0 0 0 49.70 0 37340000 1

NES
hdmi_timings 1920 1 158 200 286 240 1 1 8 13 0 0 0 60.10 0 40380000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 158 200 314 240 1 23 6 43 0 0 0 50.01 0 40450000 1

SNES
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 286 224 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60.10 0 40410000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 158 200 314 239 1 25 6 42 0 0 0 50.01 0 40450000 1

AMIGA
hdmi_timings 1920 1 180 192 334 262 1 14 15 22 0 0 0 50 0 41200000 1

224p x 60Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 224 1 8 7 23 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1

240p x 60Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 240 1 3 7 12 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1

216 x 60Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 224 1 8 7 23 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1

192 x 60Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 224 1 8 7 23 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1

256p x 55Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 100 320 260 288 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 55 0 41900000 1

254p53.20Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 100 320 260 254 1 1 3 36 0 0 0 53.20 0 40670000 1

224p58.97Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 50 250 250 250 1 8 10 8 0 0 0 58.97 0 38750000 1

240p55.72Hz
hdmi_timings 1920 1 50 250 250 260 1 4 5 8 0 0 0 55.72 0 38130000 1

From https://github.com/Vykyan/retroTINK-setup/blob/master/opt-retropie-configs-all/runcommand-onstart.sh

# Load Sega Megadrive timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load Sega Genesis timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load Sega 32X timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load Sega CD timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load Sega Master System timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load Sega Game Gear timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 280 288 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.92 0 38400000 1

# Load Atari Lynx timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.92 0 37680000 1

# Load SNK Neo Geo timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 224 1 13 8 19 0 0 0 59.185 0 40660000 1

# Load NEC PC Engine timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.94 0 40870000 1

# Load NEC PC Engine timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.94 0 40870000 1

# Load NES timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 286 224 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60.10 0 40410000 1

# Load FDS timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 286 224 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60.10 0 40410000 1

# Load SNES timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 286 224 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60.10 0 40410000 1

# Load MSX timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.94 0 40870000 1

# Load PSX timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1

# Load Game Boy timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 280 288 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.73 0 38400000 1

# Load Game Boy Color timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 280 288 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.73 0 38400000 1

# Load Game Boy Advance timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 300 320 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.73 0 38400000 1

# Load SNK Neo Geo Pocket timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 228 228 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60 0 40410000 1

# Load SNK Neo Geo Pocket Color timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 228 228 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60 0 40410000 1

# Load Atari 2600 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 200 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.92 0 38400000 1

# Load Atari 5200 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.92 0 38400000 1

# Load Atari 7800 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.92 0 38400000 1

# Load Bandai Wonderswan timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 280 288 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.73 0 38400000 1

# Load Bandai Wonderswan Color timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 280 288 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 59.73 0 38400000 1

# Load Virtual Boy timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 160 200 286 224 1 9 8 21 0 0 0 60.10 0 40410000 1

libretro") # Load MAME Generic 320x240 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.94 0 40870000 1

# Load FBAlpha Generic 320x240 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 250 280 240 1 3 3 16 0 0 0 59.94 0 40870000 1

# Load Nintendo 64 timings
hdmi_timings=320 1 15 29 40 240 1 10 14 16 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1

# Generic 320x240 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1

# Generic 320x240 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1

# Load Generic DOS 320x240 timings
hdmi_timings 1920 1 48 192 240 248 1 3 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1

From https://github.com/crtpi/CRTPi-RGB/blob/master/RGB-to_opt/retropie/configs/all/runcommand-onstart.666

hdmi_timings 2048 1 180 202 300 240 1 3 5 14 0 0 0 60 0 42954545
hdmi_timings 1920 1 152 247 280 240 1 3 7 12 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 52 208 260 240 1 6 10 6 0 0 0 60 0 38400000 1
hdmi_timings 1920 1 137 247 295 240 1 3 7 12 0 0 0 60 0 40860000 1

From https://retropie.org.uk/forum/topic/8673/how-to-center-image-of-retroarch-with-pi-outputing-240p-rgb-via-hat-board-gert-666-to-pvm

hdmi_timings 336 1 10 30 34 252 1 25 3 32 0 0 0 50 0 6400000 1



Script locations to change / restore resolution on a per-emulator or game basis

/opt/retropie/configs/all
 runcommand-onstart.sh
 runcommand-onend.sh

Example:

# For Grundig LCD
#vcgencmd hdmi_timings 320 1 13 30 36 240 1 8 3 16 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
# For Sony X5 CRT
#vcgencmd hdmi_timings 320 1 11 30 38 240 1 8 3 16 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
# Generic
vcgencmd hdmi_timings 320 1 16 30 34 240 1 2 3 22 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
tvservice -e "DMT 87"
fbset -depth 8 && fbset -depth 16 -xres 320 -yres 240

Full-featured solution from CRTPi
https://github.com/crtpi/CRTPi-RGB/blob/master/RGB-to_opt/retropie/configs/all/runcommand-onstart.666

Script for the RetroTINK Ultimate
https://github.com/Vykyan/retroTINK-setup/blob/master/opt-retropie-configs-all/runcommand-onstart.sh

Explanation of how to use these scripts for resolution changes
https://github.com/libretro/libretro-meta/issues/73#issuecomment-290979535



RGUI (Select+X) Notes

- The initial menu shown is just the Quick Menu, press B for access to all options
- When changing Settings->Video->Bilinear Filtering the emulator often restarts in a loop, press B to exit this
- Cycling through a long list of values for a particular setting can be slow, press A to select from a list
- Do NOT turn on Settings->Config Save On Exit (Google 'retropie config save on exit')
- Select shows setting explanation
- Save all settings to /opt/retropie/configs/<system name>/retroarch.cfg
  Settings->Configuration File->Save Current Configuration
- Settings->User Interface->Show Advanced Settings->On is requires for some hidden
  settings to show up
- https://docs.libretro.com/guides/rgui/



Backup various system and config files in case they get overwritten, mangled etc.

scp -r pi@retropie:RetroPie-Setup .
scp -r pi@retropie:RetroPie/splashscreens .
scp -r pi@retropie:RetroPie/retropiemenu .
scp -r pi@retropie:/etc .
scp -r pi@retropie:/opt/retropie .



Official PI2SCART links
http://pi2jamma.info/download
https://github.com/arcadeforge/RetroPieRGB
http://pi2jamma.info/pi2scart
http://strike-devices.net/pi2scart/retropie-or-pi2scart
https://circuit-board.de/forum/index.php/Thread/23325-PI2SCART/



CRTPi Project links
https://github.com/crtpi
https://github.com/crtpi/CRTPi-RGB/
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/comments/giih2z/crtpirgb_v30_buster_busts_loose_redump51220
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/comments/huofyx/crtpiproject_v31_rgb_rgbvertical_rca_even_more/
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/comments/g3c98h/crtpiproject_presents_adjusting_hv_position_with/
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/comments/gqz3qo/crtpiproject_project_image_megathread/
https://www.reddit.com/user/ErantyInt/