diff --git a/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/CandidateExpressions.kt b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/CandidateExpressions.kt
index d53b3c00d7..83454a30b5 100644
--- a/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/CandidateExpressions.kt
+++ b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/CandidateExpressions.kt
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ fun candidateExpressionsAt(
 	fileText: String,
 	selectionStart: Int,
 	selectionEnd: Int,
+	hoisted: Boolean = true,
 ): CandidateSyntax {
 	val trees = Trees.instance(task)
 	val positions = trees.sourcePositions
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ fun candidateExpressionsAt(
 			?: (if (start == end && start > 0) deepestPathAt(root, positions, start - 1, start - 1) else null)
 			?: return CandidateSyntax.NONE
 
-	if (!isExtractionPosition(anchor)) return CandidateSyntax.NONE
+	if (!isExtractionPosition(anchor, hoisted)) return CandidateSyntax.NONE
 
 	val ceiling = enclosingExecutableBody(anchor)?.leaf ?: return CandidateSyntax.NONE
 	val collected = mutableListOf<TreePath>()
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ fun candidateExpressionsAt(
 	while (path != null) {
 		val leaf = path.leaf
 		if (leaf is ClassTree || leaf is MethodTree) break
-		if (isLegalExtractionTarget(path, trees)) {
+		if (isLegalExtractionTarget(path, trees, hoisted)) {
 			val span = spanOf(root, positions, leaf)
 			if (span != null && seen.add(span)) {
 				collected += path
@@ -165,8 +166,17 @@ internal fun deepestPathAt(
  * Rejects positions where no local declaration can precede the expression: annotation arguments (must be
  * constant), `this(...)`/`super(...)` arguments (nothing can precede them), and anything outside an
  * executable body -- notably a field initializer, where an initializer block would change when it runs.
+ *
+ * [hoisted] is false for a refactoring that substitutes **in place** rather than lifting a declaration
+ * above the enclosing statement -- extract method. The conditional-evaluation rejection exists only
+ * because hoisting moves *when* the expression runs; replacing `it.hasNext()` with `extracted(it)`
+ * inside `while (...)` does not, so refusing it would cost extract method its best candidates in
+ * exactly the guarded code a helper reads best in.
  */
-internal fun isExtractionPosition(path: TreePath): Boolean {
+internal fun isExtractionPosition(
+	path: TreePath,
+	hoisted: Boolean = true,
+): Boolean {
 	var current: TreePath? = path
 	while (current != null) {
 		val leaf = current.leaf
@@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ internal fun isExtractionPosition(path: TreePath): Boolean {
 		current = current.parentPath
 	}
 	if (isCaseLabel(path)) return false
-	if (isConditionallyEvaluated(path)) return false
+	if (hoisted && isConditionallyEvaluated(path)) return false
 	return enclosingExecutableBody(path) != null
 }
 
@@ -258,7 +268,7 @@ private fun isForUpdate(
 private val SHORT_CIRCUIT_KINDS = setOf(Tree.Kind.CONDITIONAL_AND, Tree.Kind.CONDITIONAL_OR)
 
 /** `this(...)` and `super(...)`, whose method select is the bare keyword. */
-private fun isConstructorDelegation(invocation: MethodInvocationTree): Boolean {
+internal fun isConstructorDelegation(invocation: MethodInvocationTree): Boolean {
 	val name = (invocation.methodSelect as? IdentifierTree)?.name?.toString() ?: return false
 	return name == "this" || name == "super"
 }
@@ -294,6 +304,7 @@ internal fun enclosingExecutableBody(path: TreePath): TreePath? {
 internal fun isLegalExtractionTarget(
 	path: TreePath,
 	trees: Trees,
+	hoisted: Boolean = true,
 ): Boolean {
 	val leaf = path.leaf
 	if (leaf !is ExpressionTree) return false
@@ -321,8 +332,10 @@ internal fun isLegalExtractionTarget(
 	// compiles, so nothing would tell the user the behaviour changed.
 	if (parent is UnaryTree && parent.kind in INCREMENT_KINDS && parent.expression === leaf) return false
 	// The whole expression of an expression statement: the source `;` sits outside the candidate's span,
-	// so replacing the expression would leave a bare `v;` behind -- "not a statement".
-	if (parent is ExpressionStatementTree) return false
+	// so replacing the expression with a *name* leaves a bare `v;` behind -- "not a statement". A call is
+	// a statement, so extract method (hoisted = false) keeps this target; without it a bare cursor in
+	// `foo(a, b);` -- the commonest place to reach for extract method -- would offer nothing.
+	if (hoisted && parent is ExpressionStatementTree) return false
 	return true
 }
 
diff --git a/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/ExtractionRegion.kt b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/ExtractionRegion.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04bb9e52e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/ExtractionRegion.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package com.itsaky.androidide.lsp.java.refactor
+
+import com.itsaky.androidide.lsp.refactor.TextSpan
+import openjdk.source.tree.BlockTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.CompilationUnitTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.ExpressionStatementTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.ExpressionTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.MethodInvocationTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.StatementTree
+import openjdk.source.tree.Tree
+import openjdk.source.util.JavacTask
+import openjdk.source.util.SourcePositions
+import openjdk.source.util.TreePath
+import openjdk.source.util.TreePathScanner
+
+/**
+ * What a selection resolved to. Exactly two kinds, which is the whole reason the hard cases never
+ * arise: a selection covering half an `if` and half its `else`, or straddling a lambda boundary, is
+ * neither, and is declined by construction rather than filtered out later.
+ */
+sealed interface ExtractionRegion {
+	/** The region's covering span in the file's text. */
+	val span: TextSpan
+
+	/** The path the analysis walks up from to find the anchor member. */
+	val path: TreePath
+
+	/**
+	 * One expression at the cursor. A cursor resolves to several nested ones, innermost first, each a
+	 * region in its own right, and the user picks between them in the sheet.
+	 */
+	data class Expression(
+		override val path: TreePath,
+		override val span: TextSpan,
+	) : ExtractionRegion
+
+	/** One or more sibling statements in a single [BlockTree]. */
+	data class Statements(
+		val statements: List<StatementTree>,
+		override val path: TreePath,
+		override val span: TextSpan,
+	) : ExtractionRegion
+}
+
+/** Every region a selection offers: 1..MAX_CANDIDATES expressions, or exactly one statement range. */
+fun resolveExtractionRegions(
+	task: JavacTask,
+	root: CompilationUnitTree,
+	positions: SourcePositions,
+	fileText: String,
+	selectionStart: Int,
+	selectionEnd: Int,
+): List<ExtractionRegion> {
+	val (start, end) = trimToCode(fileText, selectionStart, selectionEnd) ?: return emptyList()
+	if (start == end) return expressionRegions(task, root, positions, fileText, selectionStart, selectionEnd)
+
+	val statements =
+		snapToStatements(root, positions, fileText, start, end)
+			?: return expressionRegions(task, root, positions, fileText, selectionStart, selectionEnd)
+
+	// A selection sitting strictly inside one statement points at something narrower than the statement,
+	// so the expression path answers what the user actually selected. A near-miss drag that finds no
+	// legal expression there still gets the statement, rather than being refused for landing short.
+	val only = statements.statements.singleOrNull()
+	if (only != null) {
+		val statementSpan = spanOf(root, positions, only)
+		if (statementSpan != null && (start > statementSpan.start || end < statementSpan.end)) {
+			expressionRegions(task, root, positions, fileText, selectionStart, selectionEnd)
+				.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+				?.let { return it }
+		}
+	}
+
+	return listOf(statements)
+}
+
+private fun expressionRegions(
+	task: JavacTask,
+	root: CompilationUnitTree,
+	positions: SourcePositions,
+	fileText: String,
+	selectionStart: Int,
+	selectionEnd: Int,
+): List<ExtractionRegion> =
+	candidateExpressionsAt(task, root, fileText, selectionStart, selectionEnd, hoisted = false)
+		.paths
+		.mapNotNull { path ->
+			spanOf(root, positions, path.leaf)?.let { ExtractionRegion.Expression(path, it) }
+		}
+
+/**
+ * The whole statements `[start, end)` touches, when they are siblings in one [BlockTree].
+ *
+ * Null when the two ends land in different blocks, which is what rejects a selection spanning an `if`
+ * body and the code after it without needing to reason about the constructs involved.
+ */
+private fun snapToStatements(
+	root: CompilationUnitTree,
+	positions: SourcePositions,
+	fileText: String,
+	start: Int,
+	end: Int,
+): ExtractionRegion.Statements? {
+	// end > start is guaranteed by the start == end early-return in resolveExtractionRegions.
+	val first = statementContaining(root, positions, start) ?: return null
+	val last = statementContaining(root, positions, end - 1) ?: return null
+
+	val block = first.parentPath?.leaf as? BlockTree ?: return null
+	if (last.parentPath?.leaf !== block) return null
+	if (!isExtractionPosition(first, hoisted = false)) return null
+
+	val statements = block.statements
+	val from = statements.indexOfFirst { it === first.leaf }
+	val to = statements.indexOfFirst { it === last.leaf }
+	if (from < 0 || to < from) return null
+
+	val selected = statements.subList(from, to + 1).toList()
+	// `this(...)` / `super(...)` cannot move into a method: nothing may precede a delegation, and a
+	// constructor call is legal only in a constructor. The expression path refuses these through
+	// isExtractionPosition, which walks *ancestors* and so never sees a delegation that is the statement.
+	if (selected.any { it is ExpressionStatementTree && it.expression.isConstructorDelegation() }) return null
+	val firstSpan = spanOf(root, positions, selected.first()) ?: return null
+	val lastSpan = spanOf(root, positions, selected.last()) ?: return null
+
+	return ExtractionRegion.Statements(
+		statements = selected,
+		path = first,
+		span = TextSpan(firstSpan.start, absorbTrailingSemicolon(fileText, lastSpan.end)),
+	)
+}
+
+private fun ExpressionTree.isConstructorDelegation(): Boolean = this is MethodInvocationTree && isConstructorDelegation(this)
+
+/**
+ * javac's end position for a statement does not reliably reach past its own `;`, and a region that
+ * stops short of one leaves a stray `;` behind at the call site. Absorbing a `;` that is already inside
+ * the span is impossible, so this is a no-op wherever it is not needed.
+ */
+internal fun absorbTrailingSemicolon(
+	fileText: String,
+	end: Int,
+): Int = if (end < fileText.length && fileText[end] == ';') end + 1 else end
+
+/**
+ * The narrowest statement containing [offset] that is a direct statement child of a block. Null for a
+ * position that is not inside one, such as a comment or a class body.
+ *
+ * Deliberately *not* a walk up from [deepestPathAt]: `analyze()` synthesises a default constructor for
+ * a class that declares none, and its generated `super()` carries the class declaration's own start
+ * position with **zero width**. That synthetic node is narrower than everything real at that offset, so
+ * the walk up from it lands inside the synthetic constructor's block -- and a local class declaration
+ * then reported a different block from its own closing brace, which read as a cross-block selection.
+ * Requiring positive width excludes every synthetic node without needing to recognise one.
+ */
+private fun statementContaining(
+	root: CompilationUnitTree,
+	positions: SourcePositions,
+	offset: Int,
+): TreePath? {
+	var best: TreePath? = null
+	var bestWidth = Int.MAX_VALUE
+
+	val scanner =
+		object : TreePathScanner<Unit, Unit>() {
+			override fun scan(
+				tree: Tree?,
+				p: Unit?,
+			): Unit? {
+				if (tree == null) return null
+				// currentPath still holds the parent here, which is exactly the block being asked about.
+				if (tree is StatementTree && currentPath?.leaf is BlockTree) {
+					val span = spanOf(root, positions, tree)
+					if (span != null && span.length > 0 && offset >= span.start && offset < span.end && span.length < bestWidth) {
+						best = TreePath(currentPath, tree)
+						bestWidth = span.length
+					}
+				}
+				return super.scan(tree, p)
+			}
+		}
+	scanner.scan(TreePath(root), null)
+	return best
+}
diff --git a/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/Occurrences.kt b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/Occurrences.kt
index 587d057afc..4d768d28bf 100644
--- a/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/Occurrences.kt
+++ b/lsp/java/src/main/java/com/itsaky/androidide/lsp/java/refactor/Occurrences.kt
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ private fun constrainingScopeFor(declaration: TreePath): Tree? =
 		else -> owner
 	}
 
-private val LOCAL_KINDS =
+internal val LOCAL_KINDS =
 	setOf(
 		ElementKind.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
 		ElementKind.PARAMETER,