diff --git a/crates/turnmark-core/src/engine.rs b/crates/turnmark-core/src/engine.rs
index f400bdb..40ca47a 100644
--- a/crates/turnmark-core/src/engine.rs
+++ b/crates/turnmark-core/src/engine.rs
@@ -317,8 +317,14 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_seconds_with_method(
         return Err(invalid("swim.time", ValidationReason::InvalidTime));
     }
     let mut empirical_caveat = None;
-    let (seconds, factor, offset_seconds, kind) = if event.course == to {
-        (seconds, 1.0, 0.0, ConversionKind::Swum)
+    let (seconds, factor, offset_seconds, kind, formula) = if event.course == to {
+        (
+            seconds,
+            1.0,
+            0.0,
+            ConversionKind::Swum,
+            ConversionFormula::None,
+        )
     } else if method == ConversionMethod::Colorado {
         let Some((factor, offset)) = colorado_formula(&event, distance, to) else {
             return Err(unavailable(CoverageReason::FactorNotPublished, provenance));
@@ -327,7 +333,12 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_seconds_with_method(
         if !converted.is_finite() || converted <= 0.0 {
             return Err(invalid("swim.time", ValidationReason::UnsafeResult));
         }
-        (converted, factor, offset, ConversionKind::Derived)
+        let formula = if offset == 0.0 {
+            ConversionFormula::Multiplier
+        } else {
+            ConversionFormula::MultiplierOffset
+        };
+        (converted, factor, offset, ConversionKind::Derived, formula)
     } else if method == ConversionMethod::Empirical {
         let Some(equivalent) = empirical_equivalent(&event, distance, to, table, seconds) else {
             return Err(unavailable(CoverageReason::FactorNotPublished, provenance));
@@ -345,6 +356,7 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_seconds_with_method(
             equivalent / seconds,
             0.0,
             ConversionKind::Derived,
+            ConversionFormula::Equivalent,
         )
     } else {
         let source = factor(&event, distance, table);
@@ -362,6 +374,7 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_seconds_with_method(
             } else {
                 ConversionKind::Derived
             },
+            ConversionFormula::Multiplier,
         )
     };
     Ok((
@@ -371,6 +384,7 @@ pub(crate) fn convert_seconds_with_method(
             hundredths: (seconds * 100.0).round() as u64,
             factor,
             offset_seconds,
+            formula,
             altitude: None,
             caveat: if method == ConversionMethod::Colorado
                 && event.stroke == Stroke::Freestyle
diff --git a/crates/turnmark-core/src/types.rs b/crates/turnmark-core/src/types.rs
index 875ca48..b687225 100644
--- a/crates/turnmark-core/src/types.rs
+++ b/crates/turnmark-core/src/types.rs
@@ -114,6 +114,21 @@ pub enum ConversionKind {
     Published,
     Derived,
 }
+/// How the engine computed the time, so clients describe the arithmetic instead of inferring it
+/// from the method.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "native", derive(uniffi::Enum))]
+pub enum ConversionFormula {
+    /// Same course: the entered time, unchanged.
+    None,
+    /// Time × `factor`.
+    Multiplier,
+    /// Time × `factor` + `offset_seconds`.
+    MultiplierOffset,
+    /// The equivalence model's mapping; `factor` is the ratio for this entered time.
+    Equivalent,
+}
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "native", derive(uniffi::Enum))]
@@ -168,6 +183,7 @@ record!(ConversionValue {
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "is_zero")]
     offset_seconds: f64,
     kind: ConversionKind,
+    formula: ConversionFormula,
     event: SwimEvent,
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     altitude: Option<AltitudeCalculation>,
diff --git a/docs/MCP_APPS_REVIEW.md b/docs/MCP_APPS_REVIEW.md
index b5353fb..8f2296a 100644
--- a/docs/MCP_APPS_REVIEW.md
+++ b/docs/MCP_APPS_REVIEW.md
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ text, the clock fits one line and surrounding copy wraps normally:
   Only `convert_swim`
   advertises `_meta.ui.resourceUri`; the one static resource is registered
   independently of initialization capabilities for stateless HTTP compatibility.
-- Current source URI `ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html`, MIME
+- Current source URI `ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html`, MIME
   `text/html;profile=mcp-app`. Change the resource version for later view releases.
   The revised resource has a new URI to avoid reusing the previous view's cache
   key. The alternative-method release is not yet published to npm; published `0.2.0` keeps
diff --git a/fixtures/sdk-conformance.json b/fixtures/sdk-conformance.json
index af430b1..c0aa9b6 100644
--- a/fixtures/sdk-conformance.json
+++ b/fixtures/sdk-conformance.json
@@ -273,7 +273,8 @@
         "value": {
           "time": "52.44",
           "hundredths": 5244,
-          "kind": "published"
+          "kind": "published",
+          "formula": "multiplier"
         }
       },
       "source": "https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/championships/sports/swimdive/rules/PRXSW_RulesBook.pdf#page=125",
@@ -332,7 +333,8 @@
             "distance": 100,
             "stroke": "freestyle",
             "course": "SCY"
-          }
+          },
+          "formula": "none"
         }
       },
       "source": "https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/championships/sports/swimdive/rules/PRXSW_RulesBook.pdf#page=125",
@@ -358,7 +360,8 @@
         "value": {
           "time": "1:09.52",
           "hundredths": 6952,
-          "kind": "derived"
+          "kind": "derived",
+          "formula": "multiplier"
         }
       },
       "source": "https://ncaaorg.s3.amazonaws.com/championships/sports/swimdive/rules/PRXSW_RulesBook.pdf#page=125",
@@ -1527,7 +1530,8 @@
           "hundredths": 6633,
           "kind": "derived",
           "factor": 1.11,
-          "offsetSeconds": 1.6
+          "offsetSeconds": 1.6,
+          "formula": "multiplier-offset"
         },
         "provenance": {
           "id": "colorado-teamunify-2026"
@@ -1622,7 +1626,8 @@
           "time": "4:27.75",
           "hundredths": 26775,
           "kind": "derived",
-          "factor": 0.8925
+          "factor": 0.8925,
+          "formula": "multiplier"
         },
         "provenance": {
           "id": "colorado-teamunify-2026"
@@ -1653,7 +1658,8 @@
           "time": "5:33.00",
           "hundredths": 33300,
           "kind": "derived",
-          "factor": 1.11
+          "factor": 1.11,
+          "formula": "multiplier"
         },
         "provenance": {
           "id": "colorado-teamunify-2026"
@@ -1685,7 +1691,8 @@
           "hundredths": 30640,
           "kind": "derived",
           "factor": 1,
-          "offsetSeconds": 6.4
+          "offsetSeconds": 6.4,
+          "formula": "multiplier-offset"
         },
         "provenance": {
           "id": "colorado-teamunify-2026"
@@ -1806,6 +1813,37 @@
       "source": "data/colorado.json; SportsEngine Motion USA Swimming teams formulas, 2026-08-06",
       "rationale": "Direction-specific documented affine formula; truncate only the final converted result."
     },
+    {
+      "id": "equivalence-free-100-forward",
+      "operation": "convert",
+      "input": {
+        "swim": {
+          "time": "58.32",
+          "event": {
+            "distance": 100,
+            "stroke": "freestyle",
+            "course": "SCY"
+          }
+        },
+        "to": "LCM",
+        "table": "women",
+        "method": "turnmark-empirical-2026"
+      },
+      "expected": {
+        "status": "available",
+        "value": {
+          "time": "1:07.26",
+          "hundredths": 6726,
+          "kind": "derived",
+          "formula": "equivalent"
+        },
+        "provenance": {
+          "id": "turnmark-empirical-2026"
+        }
+      },
+      "source": "data/empirical.json 100-FR|women; research/conversion-model/REPORT.md",
+      "rationale": "The equivalence model reports its formula as an equivalent-time mapping, never a multiplier with an offset."
+    },
     {
       "id": "ncaa-default-stays-same",
       "operation": "convert",
diff --git a/packages/mcp/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/mcp/CHANGELOG.md
index 361c1fe..fe9b6c5 100644
--- a/packages/mcp/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/mcp/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- Method rows name the arithmetic the engine reports (`formula`): flat multiplier,
+  fixed turn offset or equivalent time. UI resource revision is `0.3.0-r9.html`.
+
 - Close methods on the card's method spectrum no longer print their labels over
   each other: a label that would collide drops to a lower row with a leader tick
   back to its dot, using the same layout as the web app. UI resource revision is
diff --git a/packages/mcp/README.md b/packages/mcp/README.md
index e23c0fe..bc1eafa 100644
--- a/packages/mcp/README.md
+++ b/packages/mcp/README.md
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Clients without MCP Apps continue to receive the same text and structured
 results. There is no separate UI endpoint to configure: use the same stdio
 server or Streamable HTTP URL. Published package `0.2.0` uses immutable resource
 `ui://turnmark/conversion/0.2.0.html`. The current source prepares `0.3.0` with SDK `0.2.0`, shared glyphs and
-separate Course conversion and altitude controls under collapsed Calculation options at `ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html`.
+separate Course conversion and altitude controls under collapsed Calculation options at `ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html`.
 Omitting `method` retains NCAA; `colorado-teamunify-2026` selects documented
 Colorado Timing formulas. `get_sources` lists both editions. These npm versions
 are not yet published; SDK 0.2.0 must publish before MCP 0.3.0. Both use `text/html;profile=mcp-app`. Local Apps require package `0.2.0` or later;
diff --git a/packages/mcp/src/server.ts b/packages/mcp/src/server.ts
index 3ff2b93..b2b2e68 100644
--- a/packages/mcp/src/server.ts
+++ b/packages/mcp/src/server.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
   pointsValidity,
 } from "@turnmark/sdk/points";
 
-export const conversionResourceUri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html";
+export const conversionResourceUri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html";
 const uiMeta = {
   ui: {
     csp: { connectDomains: [], resourceDomains: [], frameDomains: [] },
diff --git a/packages/mcp/ui/app.ts b/packages/mcp/ui/app.ts
index a37aee0..43cf1c7 100644
--- a/packages/mcp/ui/app.ts
+++ b/packages/mcp/ui/app.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import {
   caveatText,
+  formulaText,
   ncaaMethodExplanation,
   empiricalMethodExplanation,
   empiricalCalculationNote,
@@ -353,7 +354,8 @@ function render(value: unknown, request: ConversionRequest) {
           const formulaSpan = document.createElement("small");
           formulaSpan.className = "method-formula";
           const off = item.result.value.offsetSeconds;
-          formulaSpan.textContent = `× ${item.result.value.factor.toFixed(5)}${off ? ` ${off > 0 ? "+" : "−"} ${Math.abs(off).toFixed(2)}s` : ""}`;
+          const kind = formulaText(item.result.value.formula);
+          formulaSpan.textContent = `× ${item.result.value.factor.toFixed(5)}${off ? ` ${off > 0 ? "+" : "−"} ${Math.abs(off).toFixed(2)}s` : ""}${kind ? ` · ${kind}` : ""}`;
           name.append(formulaSpan);
         }
         const time = document.createElement("dd");
diff --git a/packages/sdk/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/sdk/CHANGELOG.md
index 6fde052..28286b3 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/sdk/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
   and direction-specific formulas. Omitted methods retain NCAA results.
 - Conversion results expose optional `offsetSeconds`; native bindings expose
   `convertSwimWithMethod` and a typed method enum.
+- Conversion results report `formula` (`none`, `multiplier`, `multiplier-offset`
+  or `equivalent`), so clients describe the arithmetic from the engine instead of
+  inferring it from the method.
 
 - `assessSwimBenchmark` / `engine.benchmark` compare an original swim against
   youth or USMS targets, returning met states, the achieved level, next target
diff --git a/packages/sdk/README.md b/packages/sdk/README.md
index ea0f8dd..51a9bef 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/README.md
+++ b/packages/sdk/README.md
@@ -227,7 +227,9 @@ Omit `method` for the unchanged NCAA default, or pass
 Results carry the selected provenance. Colorado results add an optional
 `offsetSeconds` (absent when zero): the untruncated calculation is
 `inputSeconds × factor + offsetSeconds`. Colorado results are estimates and
-unsupported formulas remain unavailable.
+unsupported formulas remain unavailable. Every result's `formula` names the
+arithmetic: `none`, `multiplier`, `multiplier-offset` or `equivalent`; Colorado's
+distance-freestyle rules are `multiplier`.
 
 `turnmark-empirical-2026` is Turnmark Equivalence: a model-based estimate of the
 equivalent time in the other course. Each event and category has one linear map
diff --git a/packages/sdk/src/conversion.ts b/packages/sdk/src/conversion.ts
index ccb83c2..0f29599 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/src/conversion.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk/src/conversion.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ export interface ConversionValue {
   /** Add after multiplication, before final truncation. Omitted when zero; Turnmark Equivalence never sets it. */
   offsetSeconds?: number;
   kind: "swum" | "published" | "derived";
+  /**
+   * How the engine computed `time`: `none` (same course), `multiplier`
+   * (× factor), `multiplier-offset` (× factor + offsetSeconds) or `equivalent`
+   * (Turnmark Equivalence's mapping). Describe the arithmetic from this field
+   * rather than from the method.
+   */
+  formula: "none" | "multiplier" | "multiplier-offset" | "equivalent";
   event: SwimEvent;
   altitude?: { value: AltitudeValue; provenance: Provenance };
   /**
diff --git a/scripts/ci-changes.test.mjs b/scripts/ci-changes.test.mjs
index 1b24e8d..ddb0111 100644
--- a/scripts/ci-changes.test.mjs
+++ b/scripts/ci-changes.test.mjs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ function mcpLiveVerifier({ staleLists = 0, wrongPreview = false } = {}) {
     "console",
     `return (async () => {${script}})()`,
   );
-  const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html";
+  const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html";
   const names = [
     "adjust_altitude",
     "assess_swim_benchmark",
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ function mcpLiveVerifier({ staleLists = 0, wrongPreview = false } = {}) {
           inputSchema: { properties: { preview: { type: "object" } } },
           _meta: {
             ui: {
-              resourceUri: lists <= staleLists ? uri.replace("r8", "r7") : uri,
+              resourceUri: lists <= staleLists ? uri.replace("r9", "r8") : uri,
             },
           },
         })),
diff --git a/scripts/test-mcp-ui.mjs b/scripts/test-mcp-ui.mjs
index 57641ea..d68df42 100644
--- a/scripts/test-mcp-ui.mjs
+++ b/scripts/test-mcp-ui.mjs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ if (mode === "HTTP") {
     }),
   );
 }
-const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html";
+const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html";
 const card = (await client.readResource({ uri })).contents[0].text;
 const host = await build({
   absWorkingDir: process.cwd(),
@@ -139,6 +139,13 @@ try {
     .textContent();
   assert.match(equivalence, /Turnmark Equivalence/);
   assert.match(equivalence, /1:07.26/);
+  assert.match(equivalence, /equivalent time/);
+  assert.match(
+    await frame
+      .locator('[data-method="colorado-teamunify-2026"]')
+      .textContent(),
+    /\+ 1\.60s · fixed turn offset/,
+  );
   assert.match(
     await frame.locator("#result").textContent(),
     /Estimates the equivalent time/,
diff --git a/scripts/test-mcp.mjs b/scripts/test-mcp.mjs
index 8dc93e7..dd412b8 100644
--- a/scripts/test-mcp.mjs
+++ b/scripts/test-mcp.mjs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ async function verify(transport, mode, label, ui = false) {
       listed.map((t) => t.name).sort(),
       [...Object.values(tools), "get_sources"].sort(),
     );
-    const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r8.html";
+    const uri = "ui://turnmark/conversion/0.3.0-r9.html";
     assert.equal(
       listed.find((t) => t.name === "convert_swim")._meta.ui.resourceUri,
       uri,
@@ -178,7 +178,14 @@ async function verify(transport, mode, label, ui = false) {
               item.result,
               engine.convert({ ...f.input, method: item.method }),
             );
-          const [a, b] = methodComparison.map((item) => item.result);
+          // NCAA against Colorado, or against Turnmark Equivalence when selected.
+          const [a, colorado, equivalence] = methodComparison.map(
+            (item) => item.result,
+          );
+          const b =
+            f.input.method === "turnmark-empirical-2026"
+              ? equivalence
+              : colorado;
           assert.equal(
             methodDifferenceSeconds,
             a.status === "available" && b.status === "available"
diff --git a/src/lib/MethodComparison.svelte b/src/lib/MethodComparison.svelte
index cbefc57..963a241 100644
--- a/src/lib/MethodComparison.svelte
+++ b/src/lib/MethodComparison.svelte
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import {
     caveatText,
+    formulaText,
     ncaaMethodExplanation,
     empiricalMethodExplanation,
     empiricalCalculationNote,
@@ -392,12 +393,8 @@
               × {val.factor.toFixed(5)}{val.offsetSeconds
                 ? ` ${val.offsetSeconds > 0 ? "+" : "−"} ${Math.abs(val.offsetSeconds).toFixed(2)}s`
                 : ""}
-              {#if item.id === "turnmark-empirical-2026"}
-                · equivalent time
-              {:else if item.id === "colorado-teamunify-2026"}
-                · fixed turn offset
-              {:else}
-                · flat multiplier
+              {#if formulaText(val.formula)}
+                · {formulaText(val.formula)}
               {/if}
             </span>
           {/if}
diff --git a/src/lib/calculation-copy.ts b/src/lib/calculation-copy.ts
index e20b9a2..760edaf 100644
--- a/src/lib/calculation-copy.ts
+++ b/src/lib/calculation-copy.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ export function caveatText(caveat: string | undefined): string {
   return "";
 }
 
+/** Short description of the engine-reported formula, or an empty string for the swum time. */
+export function formulaText(formula: string | undefined): string {
+  if (formula === "multiplier") return "flat multiplier";
+  if (formula === "multiplier-offset") return "fixed turn offset";
+  if (formula === "equivalent") return "equivalent time";
+  return "";
+}
+
 /** Selected-calculation note for Turnmark Equivalence, whose factor varies with the entered time. */
 export const empiricalCalculationNote =
   "Turnmark Equivalence: the model’s equivalent time in this course. The multiplier shown applies to this entered time.";
diff --git a/tests/app.spec.ts b/tests/app.spec.ts
index 857f1f4..eaf98dd 100644
--- a/tests/app.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/app.spec.ts
@@ -1071,6 +1071,32 @@ test("benchmark swim selection leads the unified benchmark selector and marks on
   await expect(estimate).toContainText("1:06.72");
 });
 
+test("Colorado's formula names a turn offset only when it adds one", async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  const colorado = async (to: string) => {
+    await page.getByTestId(`result-${to}`).click();
+    // A hash change keeps the page, so the details may already be open.
+    const details = page.locator(".result-method");
+    if (!(await details.evaluate((el) => (el as HTMLDetailsElement).open)))
+      await details.locator("summary").click();
+    return page
+      .getByRole("region", { name: `Compare methods in ${to}` })
+      .locator('[data-method="colorado-teamunify-2026"] .method-formula');
+  };
+  // Distance freestyle multiplies only: ×1.11 for yards to short-course meters.
+  await page.goto("./#t=17%3A36.20&s=FR&d=1500&c=SCY&g=women&h=0");
+  const mile = await colorado("SCM");
+  await expect(mile).toContainText("1.11000");
+  await expect(mile).toContainText("flat multiplier");
+  await expect(mile).not.toContainText("turn offset");
+  // The 100 free adds a fixed per-50 offset to long course.
+  await page.goto("./#t=58.32&s=FR&d=100&c=SCY&g=women&h=0");
+  const sprint = await colorado("LCM");
+  await expect(sprint).toContainText("+ 1.60s");
+  await expect(sprint).toContainText("fixed turn offset");
+});
+
 test("method spectrum keeps close method labels apart and inside the card", async ({
   page,
 }, testInfo) => {